老年颈骨骨折的不同手术治疗方式临床对比分析

目的:对老年颈骨骨折的不同手术治疗方式进行临床对比分析。方法:根据某医院2012年3月到2013年2月治疗的100例老年颈骨骨折患者的临床资料进行临床分析判断,其中20例使用的是保守治疗的方法,关节置换组有31例,其中10例为全髓关节置换,剩余的都是使用人工双极头进行置换,使用的均是骨水泥假体,DHS组25例,针对其手术时间、输血量、术后并发症、术后卧床时间各项因素进行对比发现。结论:和半髓置换相对比,尽管全髓置换手术时间较长,术中出血量也相对较多,但是术后的并发症明显减少了,所以在治疗中国老年移位型颈骨折上,全髓置换术要优于半髓置换术,在患者身体条件允许的情况下应首选全髓置换术。     

Lean mass as a total mediator of the influence of muscular fitness on bone health in schoolchildren: a mediation analysis

This report aims to analyse the independent association of lean mass and muscle fitness with bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD), and to examine whether the relationship between muscle fitness and bone health is mediated by lean mass. Body composition (by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)), muscle fitness, physical activity, age and height were measured in 132 schoolchildren (62 boys, aged 8–11 years). Analysis of covariance tested differences in bone-related variables by lean mass and muscle fitness, controlling for different sets of confounders. Linear regression models fitted for mediation analyses examined whether the association between muscle fitness and bone mass was mediated by lean mass. Children with good performance in handgrip and standing long jump had better and worse bone health, respectively. These differences disappeared after controlling for lean mass. Children with high lean mass had higher values in all bone-related variables. In addition, the relationship between muscle fitness and bone mass was fully mediated by lean mass. In conclusion, the relationship between upper-limbs muscle fitness and bone health seems to be dependent on lean mass but not on muscle fitness. Schoolchildren with high lean mass have more BMC and BMD in all regions. Lean mass mediates the association between muscle fitness and bone mass.     

Vitamin D and the athlete: Emerging insights

Abstract

Interest in Vitamin D has risen considerably recently with many athletes now advised to take daily vitamin D supplements. The reason for this interest is partly not only attributed to the resurgence of the Vitamin D-deficient disease rickets but also due to the discovery of a Vitamin D receptor in many tissues suggesting a more global role for Vitamin D than previously considered. Unlike the other vitamins that are obtained through the diet, Vitamin D is unique since endogenous synthesis following ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure is the predominant route of entry into systemic circulation. Moreover, Vitamin D could be better classed as a seco-steroid, given that its structure is similar to that of a steroid, and its production is derived from a cholesterol precursor (7-dehydrocholesteol) in the skin. The classification of Vitamin D status is currently subject to considerable debate with many authors opposing governing body recommendations. Regardless of the suggested optimal concentration, there is now growing evidence to suggest that many athletes are in fact Vitamin D deficient, especially in the winter months largely as a consequence of inadequate sun exposure, combined with poor dietary practices, although the consequences of such deficiencies are still unclear in athletic populations. Impaired muscle function and reduced regenerative capacity, impaired immune function, poor bone health and even impaired cardiovascular function have all been associated with low Vitamin D in athletes, however, to date, the majority of studies on Vitamin D have described associations and much more research is now needed examining causation.     

BMP-2的生物学作用及其在体育领域应用的思考与展望

骨形态发生蛋白(BMP)对骨的形成和骨损伤修复等有重要意义,属于TGF-β超家族成员.目前,已有16种BMP被分离和克隆,其中,BMP-2是研究最广泛,诱导成骨活性最强的BMPs之一.着重阐述BMP-2的生物学作用,并对其在体育领域中的应用进行分析,提出展望.     

专项武术训练对男性青少年骨骼质量的影响

为了了解专项武术训练对青少年骨骼质量的影响，采用定量超声骨质成像与测量系统对长期进行专项武术训练的男性青少年进行研究。结论：武术专项的运动员虽然身高、体重较低，但骨密度和骨硬度均显著高于对照组，提示长期有规律地进行武术锻炼有利于提高人体的骨骼质量。     

5～19岁儿童青少年超声速（SOS）与骨发育曲线的研究

超声技术应用于骨龄的检测目前还处于探索阶段,超声速(SOS)在超声骨龄判读中是一项重要的指标,本文将儿童青少年发育过程中SOS变化特点进行探讨。试验对象为5～19岁儿童青少年,共4146名。结果在规范操作条件下,声速值的测试结果比较稳定可靠,SOS骨发育曲线年龄特征明显。此结果为通过超声判读骨龄可行性提供了一定的依据。     

健步走健身方式对55～59岁退休妇女骨密度的影响

健步走是一项非常适合中老年人的健身方式。从健步走对55～59岁退休妇女骨骼的影响方面进行深入的跟踪研究，取得相应的数据，证明健步走对骨骼具有良性影响的作用。     

体育锻炼对骨密度的影响

采用文献资料研究法,综述运动项目、肌力以及运动引起激素改变对骨密度(BMD)的影响,从而为进一步研究运动防治骨质疏松症提供了理论依据。     

运动与峰值骨量(综述)

提高峰值骨量是预防骨质疏松的重要措施，其中，体育锻炼是提高峰值骨量的重要方式。少儿时期进行体育锻炼对提高峰值骨量起到关键作用，但不同的运动方式对峰值骨量的作用效果不同。目前研究认为运动影响峰值骨量的机制主要是力学控制，其次是生物因素，但运动影响峰值骨量的具体信号转导机理还有待于进一步研究。     

制动对骨与关节系统的影响

制动作为临床上治疗运动伤的基本措施之一，在保护受损组织的同时，也可导致周围健康组织的废用和临近关节的功能障碍。主要表现在对骨、关节和骨骼肌等的组织形态和代谢功能产生影响，另外，这些影响的产生也与制动时间长短、制动角度等因素相关。