长春市大学女生体成分与骨密度的调查研究

研究长春市大学女生的身体成分和骨量水平,探讨骨密度的影响因素。方法：应用双能X线骨密度测定仪和体成分分析仪对长春市251名大学女生的体成分、腰椎、股骨颈和Ward’S区的骨密度进行测定。结果：相关分析显示总体重、BMI、瘦体重及体脂百分比均与骨密度呈显著正相关,相关性大小排序为：总体重〉BMI〉体脂百分比〉瘦体重;经常运动女生的腰椎、股骨颈及Ward’S区骨密度与较少运动者有显著性差异。结论：总体重可能影响女性骨骼健康;体育运动可促进形成较高的峰值骨密度,预防骨质疏松。     

青春期女性骨量峰值影响因素研究

女性最快速的骨量获得发生在青春早期至青春中期,青春晚期开始减退,青春期女性骨量峰值的高低与非生物力学因素和生物力学因素有关.非生物力学因素包括遗传、性别、钙的摄入、光照,烟酒嗜好等,生物力学因素是适量的运动,不同的运动方式,运动强度或持续时间不同对骨骼所起的作用也不一样.合理的体育运动可使青春期女性在生长期获得尽可能高的基础骨量,对提高其骨量峰值、预防骨量丢失和骨质疏松均具有非常重要的作用.     

Time course of recovery of vertical jump height and heart rate versus running speed after a 90-km foot race

It is well known that sport and exercise play an important role in stimulating site-specific bone mineral density (BMD). However, what is less well understood is how these benefits dissipate throughout the body. Hence, the aim of the present study was to compare the BMD (recorded at nine sites throughout the skeleton) of 106 male athletes (from nine sports) with that of 15 male non-exercising age-matched controls. Given that BMD is known to increase with body mass and peak with age, multivariate and univariate analyses of covariance were performed to compare the BMD of the nine sports groups with controls (at all sites) using body mass and age as covariates. Our results confirmed a greater adjusted BMD in the arms of the upper-body athletes, the right arm of racket players and the legs of runners (compared with controls), supporting the site-specific nature (i.e. specific to the externally loaded site) of the bone remodelling response (all P?<0.01). However, evidence that bone mass acquisition is not just site-specific comes from the results of the rugby players, strength athletes, triathletes and racket players. The rugby players' adjusted BMD was the greatest of all sports groups and greater than controls at all nine sites (all P?<0.01), with differences ranging from 8% greater in the left arm to 21% in the lumbar spine. Similarly, the strength athletes' adjusted BMD was superior to that of controls at all sites (P?<0.05) except the legs. The adjusted BMD of the triathletes was significantly greater than that of the controls in both the arms and the legs as well as the thoracic and lumbar spine. The racket players not only had significantly greater right arm BMD compared with the controls but also a greater BMD of the lumbar spine, the pelvis and legs. In contrast, the low-strain, low-impact activities of keep-fit, cycling and rowing failed to benefit BMD compared with the age-matched controls. These results suggest that sporting activities involving high impact, physical contact and/or rotational forces or strains are likely to convey significant benefits not only to the loaded sites, but also to other unloaded peripheral and axial sites throughout the skeleton.     

体力活动与骨骼、关节和肌肉健康

长期规律的体力活动可预防骨质疏松性骨折,有利于改善脊柱和髋关节骨密度,增加肌肉总量、肌力和肌肉爆发力,且不会使无关节损伤史的人发生骨关节炎。而对于骨关节炎患者来说,中等强度、低冲击性的体力活动有利于改善症状和预后．总体而言。目前已有的绝大部分研究证实,体力活动对骨骼、关节和肌肉的健康具有积极影响。     

Body composition of English Premier League soccer players: Influence of playing position,international status,and ethnicity

Abstract

Body composition is a key consideration in the physical make-up of professional soccer players. The aims of the present study were to determine whether the body composition of professional soccer players varied according to playing position, international status or ethnicity, and to establish which variables best distinguished the soccer players from a reference group. Body composition was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 64 male professional soccer players. Measured variables included bone mineral density and the relative amounts of lean and fat mass. Data were analysed using analysis of variance and stepwise discriminant function. The soccer players recorded better values than a reference group (n = 24) for all body composition compartments. Percent lean mass and bone mineral density were the variables best able to identify the soccer players (95.5% correctly classified). Differences in body composition were evident between goalkeepers and outfield players, but not between outfield playing positions. No differences were found on the basis of international status. The non-Caucasian players demonstrated significantly lower percent body fat (9.2 ± 2.0%) than the Caucasian players (10.7 ± 1.8%). It was concluded that body composition is important for elite soccer players, but that homogeneity between players at top professional clubs results in little variation between individuals.     

有氧训练和力量训练对男性中老年体成分和骨密度的影响

本研究旨在通过调研和身体素质测试的方法,比较长期从事有氧运动和两种方式结合锻炼的两种中老年人各种素质指标之间的差异,研究两种锻炼方式对中老年人身体素质的影响。通过问卷调查将社区50-60岁居民120人(均为男性)分为有氧锻炼组(60人),两者结合组(60人)。在锻炼前后各进行两次体质测试,比较各指标均值差异。研究结果:适量规律的力量训练和有氧锻炼可以提高中老年人的身体素质,对心肺功能有一定的正向作用。     

《从甲骨文到缩微图书馆》一文商榷

九年义务教育三年制初级中学教科书《语》课本第三册中《从甲骨到缩微图书馆》一，错误地认为甲骨是书籍的雏形。甲骨是古代(尤其是商代后期)书写或契刻在龟甲和兽骨之上的一种古老字，其内容是当时人们占卜的记录，故又称甲骨卜辞。甲骨的这种性质和用途就决定了它只是当时字使用的一个特殊方面而已，不是当时流行于社会的主要字形式，甲骨卜辞更不是所谓的书籍。当时的书籍是先商时代就已经产生并一流传于后世的“典”、“册”。     

夏商时代的天命观念及其文化形态

夏商时代的化，总的来看，被浓郁的天命神学的观念所笼罩，表现在语言字、宗教观念、青铜艺术等许多具体层面，显示出人类已经脱离原始时代的蒙昧和混沌，萌发出一种虽稚嫩但具有整体性的明。     

伍慧明《骨》中蕾拉构建文化“第三空间”的策略研究

美国华裔女作家伍慧明的处女作《骨》讲述了华裔一家在美国唐人街生活的故事。家中二女儿安娜的自杀引发了小说的叙事者蕾拉对整个家族历史的回忆,展现了华裔移民在美国生存所面临的双重文化带来的困境与压力。经过痛苦、挣扎、迷茫之后,蕾拉最终做出自己的选择,并成功的通过构建文化"第三空间"来确立自己的双重文化身份。本论文用霍米.巴巴的后殖民理论来分析蕾拉通过构建文化"第三空间"来确立自身文化身份的策略。     

油橄榄叶提取物对铅中毒小鼠骨髓NO和NOS的影响

目的探讨油橄榄叶提取物(OLE)对铅中毒小鼠骨髓NO含量和NOS活性的影响。方法选健康小鼠,每日灌胃醋酸铅溶液的同时灌胃不同剂量的OLE进行治疗,连续用药30 d,检测血铅含量、骨髓一氧化氮(NO)含量及一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活性的变化。结果与模型对照组相比,小鼠灌胃OLE后血铅水平下降,骨髓NO含量及NOS活性明显降低。结论 OLE对铅中毒小鼠有一定的疗效,能改善骨髓生化指标,拮抗铅对骨髓的毒性。