The Development and Psychometric Properties of the Teacher Social Stress Scale-Student Related (TSS-Sr)

Teacher burnout is a growing phenomenon that may dramatically reduce the quality of life of both teachers and students. Many studies have conceptualized teaching as a high-contact profession and, focusing on the emotional exhaustion dimension of burnout, they have highlighted the relation with students as a key dimension of teachers’ stress. This paper presents an original instrument (TSS-Sr) to measure teachers’ stress related to the interaction with their pupils. It provides the psychometric characteristic of this scale. Results support a model of measurement of teacher social stress based on four dimensions: verbal aggression, dislike students, awkward reactions, demanding requests. Implications about the use and the applications of this instrument are discussed.     

Evidence and benefits of postgraduate international students-staff members partnership in extra-curricular activities: a Malaysian perspective

ABSTRACT

The student engagement concept has been revolutionised so that students play an active role alongside staff members in determining their student learning experiences. Although the development of student–staff partnerships enhances student engagement and experience, empirical research on partnerships in Malaysia is scant. This paper contributes to the growing scholarly literature on such partnerships – in particular, exploring postgraduate international students and staff members’ partnership dimensions in extra-curricular activities at a research university in Malaysia. This qualitative study interviewed 33 postgraduate international students, 10 academic staff and 12 professional staff members. Based on the findings, the student–staff partnership model is well integrated into the extra-curricular activities: international students are invited to co-design and implement adjustment programmes for newly arrived international students. This paper also explores the multi-layered benefits of partnerships for postgraduate international students and for staff members. The implications of such partnerships for the university, international students and staff members are discussed.     

香菇某些营养成分与药用成分的分析

对香菇中某些营养成分与药用成分进行了测量，分析结果表明，香菇含有丰富的营养成分，具有高蛋白、低脂肪的特点，并含游离氨基酸、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白以及某些微量金属元素（如Ca，Cu，Fe，Mg，Mn，Zn等），此外，香菇还含多糖类物质，这是其具有抗癌作用的药效成分.     

锂离子电池正极材料的研究进展

锂离子电池近年来引起了越来越多研究者的浓厚兴趣,科学家对此进行了大量的研究.本文主要综述锂离子电池正极材料的研究现状,阐述与评价有关用金属氧化物和有机多硫聚合物作为锂离子电池正极材料的合成和电化学性能,并对其应用前景进行分析.     

Isolation and distinctiveness in the design of e-learning systems influence user preferences

When faced with excessive detail in an online environment, typical users have difficulty processing all the elements of representation. This in turn creates cognitive overload, which narrows the user's focus to a few select items. In the context of e-learning, we translated this aspect as the learner's demand for a system that facilitates the retrieval of learning content – one in which the representation is easy to read and understand. We hypothesized that the representation of content in an e-learning system's design is an important antecedent for learner preferences. The aspects of isolation and distinctiveness were incorporated into the design of e-learning representation as an attempt to promote student cognition. Following its development, the model was empirically validated by conducting a survey of 300 university students. We found that isolation and distinctiveness in the design elements appeared to facilitate the ability of students to read and remember online learning content. This in turn was found to drive user preferences for using e-learning systems. The findings provide designers with managerial insights for enticing learners to continue using e-learning systems.     

纳米金属氧化物修饰电极的制备及其应用

综述了纳米金属氧化物修饰电极的制备方法，介绍了纳米金属氧化物的生物医学领域、环境保护领域和电化学催化领域的一些应用，展望了这类新型修饰电极的应用前景．     

秦汉绘画颜料考

秦汉时期处于中国封建社会的上升时期，绘画，雕塑和印染工艺都得到了长足的发展，秦汉时期对色彩的认识有了很大程度的提高，彦是彩绘的物质基础，中国绘画彦制造的五大原料来源，在汉代已经齐全，其绘画颜料的制作应用的成熟，对我国绘画颜料发展起到了承前启后的作用，并为我国古代绘画处于世界绘画史领先地位奠定了坚实的基础。     

Teacher–student interaction in contemporary science classrooms: is participation still a question of gender?†

We show that boys still have a greater access to the space for interaction in science classrooms, which is unexpected since in Sweden today girls perform better in these subjects than boys. Results from video-recorded verbal communication, referred to here as interaction, show that the distribution of teacher–student interaction in the final year of lower secondary school follows the same patterns as in the 1980s. The interaction space for all kinds of talk continues to be distributed according to the two-thirds rule for communication in science classrooms as described by previous research. We also show that the overall interaction space in science classrooms has increased for both boys and girls when talk about science alone is considered. Another finding which follows old patterns is that male teachers still address boys more often than girls. This holds true both for general talk and for talk about science. If a more even distribution of teacher–student interaction is desirable, these results once again need to be considered. More research needs to be undertaken before the association between girls’ attitudes and interest in science in terms of future career choice and the opportunity to participate in teacher–student interaction is more clearly understood.     

Testing Criterion Correlations With Scale Component Measurement Errors Using Latent Variable Modeling

A latent variable modeling method for testing criterion correlations with measurement error terms in multicomponent measuring instruments is outlined. The approach is based on an application of the Benjamini–Hochberg multiple testing procedure and can be used when assumptions of validity estimation related procedures need to be examined. The method also allows studying the extent to which criterion validity coefficients might be due to the relationship between a presumed underlying latent construct evaluated by a psychometric scale and a criterion variable, or could be a consequence of the relation between measurement error in the overall scale score and the criterion. The discussed procedure is widely applicable with popular latent variable modeling software, and is illustrated using a numerical example.     

Staff student partnership in assessment: enhancing assessment literacy through democratic practices

In recent years, research and practice focused on staff and students working in partnership to co-design learning and teaching in higher education has increased. However, within staff–student partnerships a focus on assessment is relatively uncommon, with fewer examples evident in the literature. In this paper, we take the stance that all assessment can be oriented for learning, and that students’ learning is enhanced by improving their level of assessment literacy. A small study in a Scottish university was undertaken that involved a range of different adaptations to assessment and feedback, in which students were invited to become partners in assessment. We argue that a partnership approach, designed to democratise the assessment process, not only offered students greater agency in their own and their peers’ learning, but also helped students to enhance their assessment literacy. Although staff and students reported experiencing a sense of risk, there was immense compensation through increased motivation, and a sense of being part of an engaged learning community. Implications for partnership in assessment are discussed and explored further. We assert that adopting staff–student partnership in assessment and more democratic classroom practices can have a wide range of positive benefits.