基于WWW的自主学习环境的构建策略

主要从如何构建一个基于WWW的适合远程学习者的、有效的自主学习环境的角度,讨论了学习者认知模型的构建、学习资源库的构建与优化、智能代理的应用、支持服务与动态监控的集成,作为基于WWW的自主学习环境的构建策略,并给出了基于WWW的自主学习环境的构建模型,作为e线远程教育服务提供者的参考框架.     

Chemical equilibrium and Newton's third law of motion: Ontogeny/phylogeny revisited

Evolution of the concept of chemical equilibrium has been strongly influenced by Newtonian mechanics. Even in the late nineteenth century scientists viewed chemical equilibrium as resulting from, an equality of the contending forces, that is, the forward and the reverse reactions. The main purpose of this article is to show that freshman students conceptualize the rates of the forward and reverse reactions in chemical equilibrium as forces, perhaps in the same sense as used in the evolution of the concept of chemical equilibrium and student misconceptions about Newton's third law of motion. Results obtained show that at least some students consider the forward and reverse reactions as a sort of chemical analogue of Newton's third law of motion. Based on this interpretation, it is plausible to hypothesize that student conceptualization of the forward and reverse reactions as forces is ontogenetically (Piaget & Garcia, 1983) a step towards, the deeper understanding of a dynamic chemical equilibrium, leading to a progressive problemshift (Lakatos, 1970). In spite of the commonalities between psychogenesis and the history of science, it is important to point out that ontogenesis is not an exact and detailed recapitulation of phylogenesis. Results obtained in this study and their interpretation are important, as they help us to anticipate student utilization of Newton's third law in understanding chemical equilibrium, before the dynamic nature of equilibrium is understood.     

BCD码拨盘及其使用技巧

介绍了在单片机控制系统中应用广泛的BCD码拨盘的原理、接线和MCS-51单片机读取拨码盘的程序.     

基于EPG的蒙古语／ｒ／铺音研究

本文利用EPG和语图相结合的方法，从腭位和舌位角度分析了蒙古语／r铺音每一个变体的发音位置和发音方法，试图揭示辅音后／发音过程中舌整体的动作姿态。根据实验结果，蒙古语／r铺音有三个变体，其中主要变体[∫]是一个舌尖后齿龈闪音，出现频率高；变体[r]是一个舌尖后齿龈颤音，出现频率低，发音时舌位和舌姿态与[∫]的一致，不同之处在于颤的次数上，[r]一般颤2—3次；变体[r]是一个擦音，出现频率低，只出现在擦音和送气音前，发音时与闪音和颤音同样舌面后抬起，舌面前和舌叶中心下凹，舌叶两侧和舌尖向上抬起，但不会接触到上腭，而对气流组成阻碍，发出擦音。     

The effectiveness of hybrid dynamic visualisation in learning genetics in a Hong Kong secondary school

Background: A teaching method to improve students’ ability to communicate ideas in genetics across the macro–micro levels of organisation was investigated in this study.

Purpose: It is designed to help students deconstruct the level of organisation of each tier of a genetic diagram, as the symbols used in such diagrams (i.e. lines and letters) can be too abstract to serve as hints for students to identify the level of organisation.

Design and method: The method employs hybrid dynamic visualisation, which combines static (e.g. a genetic diagram) and dynamic visualisations (e.g. meiotic cell division, fertilisation). The method also addresses the learning problem wherein students isolate the conceptual components of the processes of meiotic cell division and fertilisation from the procedural components of genetic diagrams. The new pedagogy was trialled in a voluntary enrichment course with 22 Secondary Six (or 12th grade) students.

Results: The results of conceptual assessments and individual interviews show that the participating students, in general, provided more explanations at the molecular level, although there is considerable room for improvement in making a smooth macro–micro transition. Students also had a better grasp of the symbolic representation and mathematical concepts of genetics. In addition, their responses in individual interviews revealed that they shared a restricted understanding of the term ‘recessiveness’.

Conclusion: Possible scaffolds for revisiting the concept of recessiveness in regular teaching are suggested.     

轮式微型机器人运动机理与步态规划

在一种新型形状记忆合金驱动器的基础上,研制了一种微型蠕动机器人,该机器人采用轮式移动机构.对形状记忆合金驱动器、轮式移动机构的结构和运动机理以及机器人的步距扩大原理进行了讨论.并在此基础上,对机器人的直线运动步态和转弯步态进行了规划,使机器人在偏心轮自锁机构和换向机构作用下,不但可以前后运动,还具有主动转弯能力,在一定程度上克服了传统的形状记忆合金机器人移动速度慢、只能被动转弯的缺点.最后对形状记忆合金驱动器所需加热电流及该机器人的运动性能进行了试验分析.     

优化内外环境 促进中小企业发展

中小企业的发展对推动国民经济稳步发展发挥着日益重要的作用，针对目前中小企业面临的实际问题，政府应从宏观上理顺管理体制，给予政策扶持；中小企业应从自身做起，健全经营机制，强化财务控制，推进技术创新。     

论人的解放——解读《白轮船》

人的归宿不仅是一个古老的哲学命题，也是文学史上永恒的主题，它令古今中外千千万万的人为之牵肠而辗转不寐。《白轮船》表达了人不能获得最终的解放在于人因对物质与他人的过分依赖，导致人的精神萎缩与痛苦这一主题。     

论大学物理课程的文化品性

近年来，大学物理的基础地位受到来自多方面的挑战，其受重视程度正逐渐下降。反审大学物理课程，大学物理课程化品性的严重缺失应是其主要原因之一。加强课程的化品性建设，坚持科学内核与化品性并举的原则，将有利于大学物理课程的发展和教学的改革。     

普遍语法理论在第二语言句法习得中的应用

介绍第二语言研究涉及的普遍语法理论的各种规则及参数,说明各种参数怎样表现语言,考察第二语言习得相关的理论及所涉及的问题。集中研究第二语言习得的可及性、第一语言的迁移、参数设置、语言输入等问题,对于第二语言习得具有很强的建设性。