体育锻炼对大学生身体成分及健康的影响

为了解系统的体育锻炼对大学生身体成分的影响,采用文献资料法,实验法和统计法对体育专业和非体育专业大学生身体成分进行了分析和研究。结果表明：非体育专业大学生的体脂偏高．体重及去脂体重偏低,身体成分不合理,营养失调严重,男生营养缺乏的情况较多．女生营养过剩导致肥胖的问题非常突出;体育专业大学生的身体成分相对合理,但女生肥胖比例亦不容忽视。说明系统的体育锻炼对于控制适宜的身体成分,减少营养缺乏及肥胖的发生率．促进身体健康具有有益影响。提出加强身体成分与健康的宣传教育,在合理营养的前提下．进行科学的体育锻炼是增强体质,增进健康的的最佳途径。     

The effect of exercise interventions on resting metabolic rate: A systematic review and meta-analysis

ABSTRACT

The systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effect of aerobic, resistance and combined exercise on RMR (kCal·day^-1) and performed a methodological assessment of indirect calorimetry protocols within the included studies. Subgroup analyses included energy/diet restriction and body composition changes. Randomized control trials (RCTs), quasi – RCTs and cohort trials featuring a physical activity intervention of any form and duration excluding single exercise bouts were included. Participant exclusions included medical conditions impacting upon RMR, the elderly (≥65 years of age) or pregnant, lactating or post-menopausal women. The review was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD 42,017,058,503). 1669 articles were identified; 22 were included in the qualitative analysis and 18 were meta-analysed. Exercise interventions (aerobic and resistance exercise combined) did not increase resting metabolic rate (mean difference (MD): 74.6 kCal·day^-1[95% CI: ?13.01, 161.33], P = 0.10). While there was no effect of aerobic exercise on RMR (MD: 81.65 kCal·day^-1[95% CI: ?57.81, 221.10], P = 0.25), resistance exercise increased RMR compared to controls (MD: 96.17 kCal·day^-1[95% CI: 45.17, 147.16], P = 0.0002). This systematic review effectively synthesises the effect of exercise interventions on RMR in comparison to controls; despite heterogenous methodologies and high risk of bias within included studies.     

营养素与国民身体素质

本文对我国营养科学的发展史和现状进行了综合论述评价 ,并针对目前存在的诸多问题提出了建设性的意见。     

New Resources for Childbirth Educators and Parents

In this column, reviewers offer perspectives and comments on a variety of new media resources for childbirth educators and for expectant and new parents. The topics of DVDs and books reviewed here include fatherhood, labor-support techniques, optimal labor positions, infant massage, breastfeeding, healthy nutrition during the childbearing year, understanding a newborn''s cues, personal viewpoints on cesarean birth, and postpartum massage.     

明清时期十堰地区矿冶业综述

明清时期十堰地区的矿冶业 ,此前已有学者不同程度论及到。本文在研究了大量直接和间接资料的基础上 ,梳理出了明清两朝十堰地区 (包括郧阳府六县和时属襄阳府的均州 )矿冶业的基本线索、概况和特点 ,分析了其兴废的原因。也从经济的角度反映了该地区这一段历史的特殊性。     

梅州市文化公园人工湖富营养化分析

通过对梅州市文化公园人工湖水体中总磷（TP）、总氮（TN）、叶绿素（Chla）、化学需氧量（CODMn）、透明度（SD）等水质参数实际监测的统计计算,采用综合营养状态指数法对文化公园水质的营养状况进行了分析和综合评价,计算统计结果表明,文化公园人工湖水体处于重度富营养化状态并趋向稳定,并就文化公园人工湖的具体情况及其现状提出防治建议。     

硅土充填高聚物的性能研究

探讨了硅土的矿物学特性及其对充填高聚合物的影响，研究表明，天然超细粒度（０．０１－０．００１ｍｍ）复合矿物的及独特的粒－片叠置结构是导致硅土在高聚合物中具有良好增强性能的主要原因。     

不同南瓜品种的营养成分及营养评价

对10个南瓜品种的桌实，进行了主要营养成分、维生素、单糖及矿质元素的测定，比较差异，结果表明，按平均营养价值从高到低排序依次为：印度南瓜、中国南瓜、美洲南瓜．     

蔬菜的微量元素营养与微肥施用

本文对蔬菜的微量元素营养及微肥施用进行了综述。内容有:(1)蔬菜的微量元素营养机理及缺素症状;(2)新型微肥的研制;(3)蔬菜施用微肥的安全用量和效果。     

"渎山大玉海"玉质探析

元代“渎山大玉海”是我国第一件最大玉器,是琢玉工艺史上的杰出代表。最早研究“大玉海”玉质的乾隆帝释义“渎山”即“岷山”,但不产玉;周南全认为是四川之永康玉;我们自1998年首次认为是独山玉,后经亲自考察。探讨其玉质存疑、玉石原料特征、近距离肉眼观察及矿物学特征分析与对比,于2003年3月确认其玉质为独山玉。