Concept Relationships in Knowledge Organization Systems: Elements for Analysis and Common Research Among Fields

Knowledge organization systems have been studied in several fields and for different and complementary aspects. Among the aspects that concentrate common interests, in this article we highlight those related to the terminological and conceptual relationships among the components of any knowledge organization system. This research aims to contribute to the critical analysis of knowledge organization systems, especially ontologies, thesauri, and classification systems, by the comprehension of its similarities and differences when dealing with concepts and their ways of relating to each other as well as to the conceptual design that is adopted.     

Why Users Share the News: A Theory of Reasoned Action-Based Study on the Antecedents of News-Sharing Behavior

Social media have become an integral part of online news use, affecting how individuals find, consume, and share news. By applying the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA), this study investigates the effects of motives, attitude, and intention on news-sharing behavior among German social media users (n = 333). Findings show that news-sharing attitude and subjective norms have a positive effect on news-sharing intention, which in turn has a positive effect on actual news-sharing behavior. Taken together, we see that a new media behavior in the early phases of its societal diffusion—like social media news sharing in Germany in 2015—can mainly be explained by a rational choice logic and is rooted in the motives of socializing and information seeking. This finding thus reflects the double nature of social media as a means for both information retrieval and social grooming.     

Managing a Biomedical Library’s Instruction Program: Redefining Scope

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) library instruction program provides training services to staff, clinicians, and researchers across NIH and several Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) operating divisions. The audience, training needs, and training topics are diverse and constantly changing. The NIH library has developed several new services and class topics to meet the needs of its NIH and HHS communities. Context, strategies, and future directions for the NIH library instruction program are described.     

Health science libraries in Sweden: new directions,expanding roles

Librarians in Sweden are facing huge challenges in meeting the demands of their organisations and users. This article looks at four key areas: coping with open science/open access initiatives; increasing demands from researchers for support doing systematic reviews; understanding user experiences in Swedish health science libraries; and the consequences of expanding roles for recruitment and continuing professional development. With regard to changing roles, there is an increasing shift from the generalist towards the expert role. The authors raise the issue as to how to prepare those new to the profession to the changing environment of health science libraries.     

A Follower-Centric Approach to Leadership in the Newsroom

This article analyses leadership in the newsroom of the Spanish newspaper El País as well as its impact on the craft of journalism more generally. Through 23 in-depth interviews, we try to elucidate how the newsroom constructs its leaders (in the newsroom, what does it mean to be a leader?), paying particular attention to the main skills considered to be necessary. According to our newsroom findings, not all heads of section or editors-in-chief are leaders, a fact that questions formal authority relations and proclaims expertise and know-how as discriminatory skills. This study emphasizes that the collective recognition of a leader is not an ultimate disposition, but can vary over time: consequently leaders who do not achieve the professional requirements of the newsroom can be denied the status, despite their expertise and experience. Our findings indicate that leaders at El País are those journalists (no matter what their positions) with strong capacities and skills (fundamentally experience, expertise and creativity) to manage form (relationships) and substance (contents) in the daily work of the newsroom. In short, journalists seen as leaders combine reiterated and strong qualities and merit, graphically reflected in the texts they have published for years in the newspaper.     

Combination of Se-methylselenocysteine,D-α-tocopheryl succinate, β-carotene,and L-lysine can prevent cancer metastases using as an adjuvant therapy

ObjectivePrimary tumor treatment through surgical resection and adjuvant therapy has been extensively studied, but there is a lack of effective strategies and drugs for the treatment of tumor metastases. Here, we describe a functional product based on a combination of compounds, which can be used as an adjuvant therapy and has well-known mechanisms for inhibiting cancer metastases, improving anti-cancer treatment, and enhancing immunity and antioxidant capacity. Our designed combination, named MVBL, consists of four inexpensive compounds: L-selenium-methylselenocysteine (MSC), D-‍α‍-tocopheryl succinic acid (VES), β‍-carotene (β‍-Ca), and L-lysine (Lys).MethodsThe effects of MVBL on cell viability, cell cycle, cell apoptosis, cell migration, cell invasion, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and paclitaxel (PTX)-combined treatment were studied in vitro. The inhibition of tumor metastasis, antioxidation, and immune enhancement capacity of MVBL were determined in vivo.ResultsMVBL exhibited higher toxicity to tumor cells than to normal cells. It did not significantly affect the cell cycle of cancer cells, but increased their apoptosis. Wound healing, adhesion, and transwell assays showed that MVBL significantly inhibited tumor cell migration, adhesion, and invasion. MVBL sensitized MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells to PTX, indicating that it can be used as an adjuvant to enhance the therapeutic effect of chemotherapy drugs. In mice, experimental data showed that MVBL inhibited tumor metastasis, prolonged their survival time, and enhanced their antioxidant capacity and immune function.ConclusionsThis study revealed the roles of MVBL in improving immunity and antioxidation, preventing tumor growth, and inhibiting metastasis in vitro and in vivo. MVBL may be used as an adjuvant drug in cancer therapy for improving the survival and quality of life of cancer patients.     

一种基于视频的DEW水印算法

采用差分能量水印(DEW)算法,对视频数字作品进行了数字水印的嵌入、检测和提取研究。实验结果表明,该算法计算简单、速度快、易于实现,视频信号里可编码的数据量大,可以隐藏较多的信息,并且还可以满足水印的实时嵌入和提取。     

普适计算中资源发现与交互技术的研究

资源发现与交互技术是普适计算的基础。通过在系统级和应用级分析资源发现与交互技术需要解决的问题,在此基础上对现有的协议进行横向比较分析,包括资源描述、发布、查找、状态质询、选择、交互,以及异构性、安全性、自动配置、QoS等方面。基于比较分析结果提出了目前还没有解决的具体问题。     

基于MMC的虚拟同步发电机技术在船舶与岸电无缝并网中的应用

鉴于船舶与岸电在并网时存在较大冲击电流,以及模块化多电平换流器(modular multilevel converter,MMC)控制的岸电离网运行时对突发状况响应速度较慢的问题,采用改进的虚拟同步发电机(virtual synchronous generator, VSG)技术结合模型预测控制(model predictive control, MPC)算法,对岸电电源输出电流、环流、子模块电容电压进行分层预测控制,实现船舶与岸电的无缝并网。采用MATLAB/Simulink建立MMC VSG并网仿真模型,模拟船舶与岸电并网及突加负载等工况。对所提出的控制策略和算法的有效性进行验证,结果表明,利用所提出的控制策略能实现VSG离网与并网的无缝切换;与经典控制方法相比,所提出的控制策略的动态响应速度提升了5倍。     

液货船综合安全评估专家系统模型

针对当前石油公司在液货船安全检查和准入审查中存在的非定量、非智能评估问题,引入人工智能技术构建液货船综合安全评估(formal safety assessment, FSA)专家系统模型。该模型将FSA方法与专家系统进行组合,前者通过风险识别、风险衡准和风险量化,解决报告的非定量评估和审查的主观性问题;后者引入K最近邻算法、加权赋值算法等解决审查评估的非智能化和效率低的问题。选取官方案例进行模型检验,其结果表明提出的模型能有效地帮助石油公司实现船舶准入审查的定量化、智能化,并能显著提高审查效率,降低人工评估的主观性影响。