基于熵权-TOPSIS模型的大风浪条件下引航员登船水域选址

为保障大风浪条件下引航员登船安全、周边船和被引船的安全以及港口的安全高效运营,选取合理的引航员登船水域至关重要。综合考虑熵权法和TOPSIS法的优点,基于熵权-TOPSIS模型对大风浪条件下引航员登船水域进行优选研究。以大风浪条件下广州港引航员登船水域选址为例,运用该模型对3个备选方案进行评价,求得方案2的相对贴近度最大。该方案所述的引航员登船水域为大风浪条件下最优登船水域,且与实际选址一致。经实例验证,该模型较为可靠,实用性强。     

基于距离方程组的机载SAR图像立体定位方法

提出一种基于距离方程组的机载SAR图像立体定位方法,该方法使用同一成像区域的3幅SAR图像进行无控制点定位,首先确定目标在3幅图像中对应的同名像点,解析该像点对应的雷达平台瞬时经纬度坐标、海拔高度以及目标到雷达平台的斜距值,在地心坐标系下建立3幅图像对应同名像点的距离方程组,对非线性方程组进行求解得到同名像点基于地心坐标系的坐标值,并通过坐标转换得到目标点的经纬度坐标及海拔高度,实现三维定位。对影响定位精度的系统误差因素进行仿真分析,利用实飞的机载SAR图像进行目标定位实验,结果验证了该方法的有效性。     

习惯行为、执行意向与青少年身体活动意向与行为:基于计划行为理论的扩展模型

在计划行为理论(TPB)的基础上,引入身体活动习惯行为与执行意向,构建扩展TPB(METPB)模型,检验该模型对9~19岁青少年群体的中高强度身体活动(MVPA)的适用性,探讨该模型对小学、初中及高中阶段青少年MVPA影响的差异。结果显示:假设模型的拟合度可以接受,纳入习惯行为与执行意向后,METPB显著地提高了其对身体活动行为的解释力。态度和感知行为控制对MVPA行为意向有显著性影响,解释了31.4%的行为意向方差;行为意向和习惯行为对MVPA行为有显著性影响,解释了18.7%的行为方差;执行意向加强了行为意向朝实际行为的转换。METPB模型对于不同学习阶段青少年MVPA意向及行为的影响有显著性差异。其中:主观规范对小学生与初中生MVPA意向产生了显著性影响,而对高中生的MVPA意向并无显著性影响;感知行为控制对3个阶段学生的MVPA意向产生的影响随着学习阶段的上升不断增强。建议:在对于青少年身体活动的干预中,政府、家庭、学校应重视培养学生对于身体活动参与的正确态度,提高其参与身体活动的意愿,培养其参与身体活动的行为习惯,且在对青少年身体活动干预时考虑学习阶段的差异。     

人类发展指数水平与足球运动发展的或然关系——基于面板数据的实证研究

足球运动在世界范围内的普及化与社会化程度日益增强,各国（地区）若要获得全球化竞争中的优势,应注重探讨社会与足球运动发展的关系。通过对1993-2017年131个国家（地区）的人类发展指数与足球排名积分的面板数据建模,以揭示两者之间的关系。研究结果表明,不同国家（地区）的人类发展指数对足球运动发展的影响应建立个体和时点双固定效应模型,模型最高的R²为0.871 32,F检验值为71.014 65,P<0.001,该模型具备较高的解释能力。结论：固定效应模型在考虑历时性因素与不宜观测因素后,在1993-2017年阶段,人类发展指数对于足球运动的发展作用存在分化现象,尤其对亚洲与人口大国的足球运动发展存在制约作用,对南美洲与中等人口国家存在促进作用,人类发展指数与足球运动发展存在一定的或然关系。人类发展指数反映了社会发展的综合水平,对于存在制约效应的国家而言,应当着重考虑社会其它领域（经济、教育、医疗卫生等）与足球运动的互动、协同与融合发展。     

体育产业高质量发展系统动力机制模型建构与现实考察

通过文献资料法和案例分析法,以系统论为视角对体育产业高质量发展进行动力机制模型建构,并以江苏体育产业发展经验作为现实考察。研究认为:体育产业高质量发展作为政策性议题,其实践取向应围绕产业的商业性效益逻辑和体育的人文性功能价值进行有机融合,进而推动体育产业在社会主要矛盾、资源配置方式、产业结构模式、经济增长状态4个维度中积极寻求转向。推进体育产业转向高质量发展是一个系统问题,系统运转的关键在于形成运动项目内涵丰富的内生机制、社会进步和经济发展环境的外发机制以及业态载体和空间载体充沛的内外联动机制。当前运动项目产业化内在张力不足、外部环境要素缺位、空间载体培育良莠不齐是现实挑战。提出注重深度内涵式发展、强化务实载体建设、营造适宜外部环境3个由意识理念引领到具体工作抓手的发展思路。     

高校体育场馆对外开放突发事件的应急管理机制研究

运用文献资料、实地调查等研究方法,对我国高校体育场馆对外开放突发事件应急管理现状进行调查分析。发现目前我国高校体育场馆对外开放过程中,存在缺乏突发事件应急预案的研制、对安全风险评估不足、缺乏急救设施的配置、场馆现场管理人员缺乏应急管理的培训与演练、场馆现场管理人员数量不足的问题。在高校体育场馆突发事件应急管理发展现状基础上,依托应急管理理论与应急救援理论,架构由突发事件识别与评估模块、决策系统模块、应急救助体系模块、应急预案选择模块、应急救援的执行模块所组成的我国高校体育场馆对外开放突发事件应急管理机制。建议:完善场馆管理规章制度,形成场馆对外开放突发事件应急长效管理机制;加强员工的应急管理理论培训与技能学习;制定各类应急预案并进行演练;保持突发事件应急救援稳定的对外联系畅通。     

普通高校体育教学评价多元化模式分析

体育教学评价本身是体育教学中不可或缺的部分,同时也有利于对体育教学的质量进行相对科学、合理的评估。对于体育教学改革而言,完善教学理论研究,采取多元化评价模式已成为未来改革的重要方向,同时制订专业的教学评价指标体系,从模型构建的过程中探究其具体应用方法。     

Tennis superstars: The relationship between star status and demand for tickets

Akin to other sports, professional tennis is urged to adopt a consumer-centred strategy and understand the influence of the star status of elite players on demand for its core product. Measuring the impact that tennis players have on demand for match attendance remains a key element towards achieving that goal. Using data from the Australian Open ticket sales, the authors demonstrate how individual players have influenced stadium attendance at the Grand Slam. Findings indicate that some players are associated with a strong positive impact on demand for tickets, above and beyond their performance ratings, reflecting their value to the Australian Open. The authors discuss how this star status can be used to inform business decisions related to tournament management, match scheduling, and determining player appearance fees, to ultimately drive better commercial outcomes and deliver a world-class sporting event. The findings have implications for tournament organisers, player managers and those that market player activities.     

The determinants of the intention to continue voluntary football refereeing

Competitive sports require a regulating body of referees to enforce the rules for the effective operation of the game. However, the number of referees is generally decreasing, leading to organisational problems at the amateur level. The purpose of this research is to identify the factors that determine the intention to continue voluntary refereeing in the context of football in Germany. Combining several concepts as predictors, including both the antecedents and the experience of volunteering, in this study, the authors extend the understanding about volunteers’ intentions to continue their activity and address the research gap regarding the analyses of specific volunteer groups such as referees. By means of an online questionnaire, the authors surveyed voluntary football referees in Germany (n = 4541). Regression analysis reveals the motive of self-orientation, respect shown by athletes, coaches, and spectators towards referees, compatibility of refereeing with one’s occupational and private life, perceived organisational support, and referees’ satisfaction to predict referees’ positive intention to continue with their activity. Simultaneously, experiences of offences during refereeing negatively influence this intention, and younger referees show higher intentions to continue their activity than do older referees. Because volunteer recruitment and retention are expensive, the findings of this study facilitate the improvement of effective retention strategies for the federations responsible for referees.     

Impact of age on host responses to diet-induced obesity:Development of joint damage and metabolic set points

Background:Osteoarthritis is one of the leading causes of pain and disability worldwide,and a large percentage of patients with osteoarthritis are individuals who are also obese.In recent years,a series of animal models have demonstrated that obesity-inducing diets can result in synovial joint damage(both with and without the superimposition of trauma),which may be related to changes in percentage of body fat and a series of low-level systemic inflammatory mediators.Of note,there is a disparity between whether the dietary challenges commence at weaning,representing a weanling onset,or at skeletal maturity,representing an adult onset of obesity.We wished to evaluate the effect ofthe dietary exposure time and the age at which animals are exposed to a high-fat and high-sucrose(HFS) diet to determine whether these factors may result in disparate outcomes,as there is evidence suggesting that these factors result in differential metabolic disturbances.Based on dietary exposure time,we hypothesized that rats fed an HFS diet for 14 weeks from weaning(HFS Weanling) would demonstrate an increase in knee joint damage scores,whereas rats exposed to the HFS diet for 4 weeks,starting at 12 weeks of age(HFS Adult) and rats exposed to a standard chow diet(Chow)would not display an increase in knee joint damage scores.Methods:Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either an HFS diet for 14 weeks from weaning(HFS Weanling) or an HFS diet for 4 weeks,starting at 12 weeks of age(HFS Adult).At sacrifice,joints were scored using the modified Mankin Criteria,and serum was analyzed for a defined subset of inflammatory markers(Interleukin-6,leptin,monocyte chemoattractant protein-1,and tumor necrosis factorα).Results:When the HFS Weanling and HFS Adult groups were compared,both groups had a similar percent of body fat,although the HFS Weanling group had a significantly greater body mass than the HFS Adult group.The HFS Weanling and HFS Adult animals had a significant increase in body mass and percentage of body fat when compared to the Chow group.Although knee joint damage scores were low in all 3 groups,we found,contrary to our hypothesis,that the HFS Adult group had statistically significant greater knee joint damage scores than the Chow and HFS Weanling groups.Furthermore,we observed that the HFS Weanling group did not have significant differences in knee joint damage scores relative to the Chow group.Conclusion:These findings indicate that the HFS Weanling animals were better able to cope with the dietary challenge of an HFS diet than the HFS Adult group.Interestingly,when assessing various serum proinflammatory markers,no significant differences were detected between the HTS Adult and HFS Weanling groups.Although details regarding the mechanisms underlying an increase in knee joint damage scores in the HFS Adult group remain to be elucidated,these findings indicate that dietary exposure time maybe less important than the age at which an HFS diet is introduced.Moreover,increases in serum proinflammatory mediators do not appear to be directly linked to knee joint damage scores in the HFS Weanling group animals but may be partially responsible for the observed knee joint damage in the adults over the very short time of exposure to the HFS diet.