Early Literacy and the Public Library: An Opportunity of a Lifetime (of Reading)

In this article, author Bill Ptacek says that the future is now, and, at least from the 1970s through today, in the field of early childhood work, the future has come so fast that it is constantly upon us. That reality means that those concerned about young children in libraries have been about adaptation on a continuing basis. In this world of rapid change, innovation is constant: City firefighters come to the libraries in uniform to read stories to children, library outreach specialists take programs to daycare centers in their communities, and staff members create a space in a library devoted to early childhood reading. This tradition of rapid change means that the early childhood staff of most large public libraries in North America is changing for the future on a regular basis. The work unit should be considered seriously as one model for 21st century public library reform.     

美国父母参与儿童早期保育与教育述评

父母参与儿童早期保育与教育是美国儿童早期发展的"干预计划"中重要内容。在"开端计划"、"儿童保育运动"和"家庭援助方案"中父母以课堂志愿者活动、义工、家访交流等多种形式参与儿童早期保育与教育,以传递家庭中的文化、语言、宗教等方面的传统,监督保育与教育的各种实施措施改进和总体质量的提升,促进其子女的健康发展和自身素质和技能的提高。     

矩阵方程组异类约束解的MCG1-3-5算法

借鉴求线性矩阵方程组同类约束解的MCG算法（修正共轭梯度法）,建立了求多个未知矩阵的线性矩阵方程组的一种异类约束解的MCG1-3-5算法,证明了该算法的收敛性。该算法不仅可以判断矩阵方程组的异类约束解是否存在,而且在有异类约束解,且不考虑舍入误差时,可在有限步计算后求得矩阵方程组的一组异类约束解;选取特殊初始矩阵时,求得矩阵方程组的极小范数异类约束解。同时还能求取指定矩阵在该矩阵方程组异类约束解集合中的最佳逼近。算例表明,该算法有效。     

Do universal social and emotional learning programs for secondary school students enhance the competencies they address? A systematic review

While universal school‐based social and emotional learning (SEL) programs claim to target various SEL competencies, earlier reviews have not provided a clear overview of the competencies in question. We therefore wished to identify the competencies targeted in SEL programs for secondary school students. We also aimed to examine the effects of these programs on SEL competencies and psychosocial health. The specific SEL competencies directly addressed in the programs' primary learning targets were identified based on the Collaborative for Academic, Social and Emotional Learning (CASEL) framework for SEL. Five bibliographic databases (PubMed, PsychINFO, Education Resources Information Center (ERIC), Applied Science Premier (ASP), and Web of Science) were searched for relevant research papers published between 2014 and 2018. We included 40 studies that investigated 32 programs focusing on two or more SEL competencies. While most programs targeted four or five of the SEL competencies, many of the included studies did not measure the programs' effects on all the competencies targeted. Our results showed that the SEL programs had substantial effects on the SEL competencies they addressed and on psychosocial health. Although the programs focused predominantly on self‐management skills and relationship skills, the largest summary effects were found for self‐awareness and social awareness.     

机器人被动柔顺手腕及其优化设计

基于被动柔顺装配机理，导出柔顺装配的几何－力学关系，建立了层叠式橡胶弹性杆刚度矩阵。提出手腕具有最优的性能参数和最佳的结构参数的两轮优化方案。     

应用随机模拟试验解决三类标准秘书问题

设经理要从一批应聘者中录用一名秘书，以Xn,yn，（n=1，2，…，N）表示n个面试者的绝对名次、相对名次，试确定最优策略τ．本文根据国内外目前对秘书问题的研究成果，运用随机分析，最优停止理论等工具、采用随机模拟试验的办法，对三类标准秘书问题建立了一个适于计算机操作的控制系统．     

运动疗法在脑卒中康复方案中的应用研究

通过对于脑卒中的康复方案和运动疗法的研究,论述科学的治疗方案对于脑卒中康复的重要性,并根据不同患者的特点找出合理的运动康复方案。选取2012年5月至2013年5月我院收治脑卒中患者56例,随机分为观察组与对照组,每组各28例,其中观察组采用运动疗法进行康复治疗,对照组则进行常规康复治疗。实验后即对两组的运动功能及日常生活能力指数进行评定分析。结果发现,56例患者经治疗后情况均有好转,对照组经常规治疗后运动功能评分与日常生活能力指数较治疗前有所提高（P〈0．05）;观察组的运动功能评分与日常生活能力指数较治疗前则显著提高（P〈0．01）。两组间比较,观察组的评分提高较对照组明显,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。因此,应用运动疗法在脑卒中患者康复治疗中能明显提高患者的生活质量与运动能力,较常规疗法具有较强优势。     

论司法考试与法学本科教学的融通——从一项关于司法考试通过情况的调查谈起

通过调查发现法学本科教学存在诸多问题:法学本科毕业生就业方向凸显出法科学生法治信仰的匮乏;法学本科学生急功近利地注重通过司法考试,希望教师在教学过程中围绕司法考试大纲的要求授课讲解,忽略了法学本科教学的教学目标。为了使司法考试与法学本科教学充分融通,高校应注重培养法科学生的法治信仰,法学本科教育不能以司法考试为指挥棒,地方高校法学专业应拟定具有特色的法学人才培养方案。     

科学合作最佳规模现象的发现

 科学论文生产与科学合作规模之间的关系,本质上是科学生产力与科研生产关系的互动作用。本文作者回顾了在指导博士生在这一领域选题进行学位论文研究中,意外发现了科学合作最佳规模现象,这一现象当时博士生的研究已经显示出来却尚未完全意识到。之后,WISE实验室部分成员采用威布尔分布和核心密度估计两种概率密度函数,对WOS数据库中的核物理学、应用物理学、应用化学、微生物学和纳米科技等学科若干年度的论文数据进行分析,得到合作规模(人数)与论文数量关系的密度分布曲线,证实了科学合作最佳规模现象的存在。最后,提出了全面探索科学合作最佳规模现象与定律的设想。     

具有二次性能指标的最优输出反馈的一个必要条件

本文用矩阵的秩这个工具考察了有限维线性系统具有二次性能指标的最优输出反馈问题，得到了一个必要条件。特殊情形下，这一条件可以演化为最优输出反馈增益与观测矩阵的乘积即为状态反馈增益这个相当清晰的关系。