州立奖学金对美国高等教育入学机会的影响

从20世纪80年代以来,美国大学生资助政策发生了变化,州政府资助的主要方式从基于需要的助学金转移到基于优秀的奖学金,州奖学金项目获得极大关注。据此,美国很多州设立了本州的奖学金项目,这给学生的高等教育入学机会造成了极大的消极影响。同时,也给我国提供了一些借鉴和启示。     

关于高职教育教学的几点思考

高职院校在我国蓬勃发展,但高职教育仍处于探索中,尚不够成熟,本文将就作为教学中心的学生感到茫然与被动、教材的弊端、基础课程的窘迫境遇等问题展开思考。     

我国本科层次教师教育专业人才培养方案研究

通过对30所院校的192份本科层次的教师教育专业或师范专业人才培养方案的分析发现,当前师范专业培养人才的类型、胜任工作类型和适于任职单位都呈现出多样化特点;不同培养方案对“培养目标”和“培养规格”应该包括哪些内容没有形成一致的意见;培养方案对教师培养的认识存在差异,尤其是对未来教师需要掌握哪些知识、能力、职业道德存在不同的理解,对未来教师是否需要掌握这些内容也有不同的认识;培养方案没有借鉴当前教师培养、教师知识的研究成果。本研究对培养方案的改进提出建议。     

应用非线性规划求解月球探测器着陆轨道最优控制

为了减少有限推力作用下月球探测器软着陆所需的燃料消耗,提出了应用非线性规划方法来求解该最优控制问题。首先,将有限推力作用下月球软着陆问题转化为数学上的两点边值问题;在考虑边界条件的前提下,利用拉格朗日原理将该两点边值问题转化为针对控制变量的优化问题;然后应用非线性规划方法求解所形成的参数优化问题。实验仿真结果显示,该方法能够成功实现月面软着陆,表明提出的设计方法简单有效。     

Transcultural analysis of the effectiveness of a program to promote self-regulated learning in Mozambique,Chile, Portugal,and Spain

The current investigation aims at assessing the effectiveness of an intervention program designed to enhance self-regulated learning (SRL) strategies at the university level, with students from different cultural, linguistic, and educational backgrounds. The central tool of the program is a set of letters in which a fictional first-year student describes his experiences as an SRL student. The program was implemented in four universities in different countries and continents (Portugal, Spain, Chile, and Mozambique), with an experimental group and a comparison group at each university (263 students from experimental groups and 247 from comparison groups). Findings display the effectiveness of the program in enhancing a set of motivational variables related to the study process and the use of SRL strategies. Data were consistent across the different cultural and academic contexts in which the program was implemented. The implications of these findings for university administrators and faculty are discussed.     

Enhancing the link between higher education and employment

This study aims to improve the efficiency of fiscal assistance programs for higher education by investigating those variables that influence college graduates’ employment rates. An empirical analysis of 2010–2011 higher education statistics shows that two variables – educational expenditure per student and the number of students per full-time faculty member – consistently and significantly affect college graduates’ employment rates, even after location and type of school are controlled. Although scholarship rates also affect employment rates positively, the number of students per industry–academe liaison officer does not have a statistically significant effect. Moreover, as educational expenditure per student or the student/faculty ratio increases beyond a certain level, graduate employment improves at an increasing rate. The two variables also affect the employment rate interactively. At a relatively higher level of per-student expenditure, employment rates increase even as the student/faculty ratio rises. However, at a relatively lower level of per-student expenditure, employment rates decline as the student/faculty ratio rises.The policy implication is that fiscal assistance programs for higher educational institutions should accord a much greater weight to these key variables when selecting and assessing institutional recipients.     

Neoliberal common sense and race-neutral discourses: a critique of “evidence-based” policy-making in school policing

The author of this paper uses critical discourse analysis and draws on critical social theory and policy studies to analyze the interdiscursivity between neoliberal common sense discourses around crime and safety and race-neutral discourses, “evidence-based” policy, and the research that supports school policing programs. The author offers a macro-sociological analysis of how neoliberal common sense and race-neutral discourses shape crime policy. Next, the author discusses the rise of “evidence-based” policy formation. She argues that evidence-based policy serves to narrow the scope of what constitutes “scientific” research and delegitimize research that uses race as an analytical lens. Then, through textual analysis of samples of the “evidence” supporting school policing, the author illustrates the ways in which neoliberal common sense discourses around crime and safety and race-neutral discourses become the ideological starting point for the research and internalized within research documents. The result is the creation of a hegemonic “evidence-loop” that privileges ideologically driven research that assumes a “scientific” stance and obscures racial bias while it excludes the critical research on the school policing.     

关联理论下的翻译行为与英语阅读

英语阅读的困境在于阅读者缺乏相关的异域文本信息。翻译行为在阅读者母语认知框架内引入新信息,扩展阅读者的认知语境以帮助阅读者以较小努力建立与英语文本的最佳关联,从而达到阅读交际的目的。阅读中的直接翻译行为强调对文本交流线索的体现,是引导阅读者达到更准确阅读的重要策略。由于对相关性的强调,对异域隐喻的翻译行为将进一步减少认知努力,使阅读理解更加顺利。     

质量安全惩罚下生鲜食品零售商最优策略研究

将生鲜食品质量惩罚额及其惩罚概率作为外生变量,并考虑了两种不同惩罚额度的方式,同时引入生鲜食品质量特征函数,建立了零售商不实行促销价格、实行一次性促销价格和多次促销价格三种不同情况下的预期利润优化模型。结果表明生鲜食品的初始质量水平、销售时间的上限、质量衰减速度以及实行促销的时间点对最优价格和利润都有不同的影响效应。提出了零售商适时采取适当促销决策等建议。     

总量控制下的地方政府公共就业规模优化分配研究——基于地方政府竞合视角

分析了公共就业规模优化分配与地方政府职能转变的适应性关系及各地方政府在公共就业规模优化分配中的博弈行为,设计了基于效率和讨价还价博弈的公共就业规模优化分配模型。实际应用表明,此优化分配模型具有一定的可行性和合理性。