网络课程设计的几点思考

随着信息技术和国内网校的迅速发展，设计和开发优质的网络课程成为当今远程教育关注的一个新的热点。网络媒体综合了其他视听媒体的特点，并且有强大的交互特性，网络课程的设计实施则是网络媒体能否在教育教学中发挥优势的关键。本根据网络课程的特点，对网络课程的设计提出了一些看法和建议。     

Managing physical education lessons: an interactional approach

Physical education (PE) lessons involve complex and dynamic interactive sequences between students, equipment and teacher. The potential for unexpected and/or unintended events is relatively large, a point reflected in an increasing amount of scholarship dealing with classroom management (CM). This scholarship further suggests that unexpected and disruptive events negatively impact on learning and can have deleterious effects on teacher health. Despite considerable potential for these kinds of events, many PE lessons occur in structured, organized ways. The broad purpose of this paper is to consider how classroom action becomes ordered in PE contexts. To this end, an interactional approach is put forward including the specific analytic concepts of directives, epistemic authority and deontic authority. To exemplify the approach, the micro-dynamics of a situation in which a group of students are building a human pyramid is examined. The examination draws attention to: how the teacher engages in a series of interactions with the students to move the sequence forward; how the students themselves achieve order through their interactions with one another; and how the characteristics of the activity help to organize the students' behaviors and limit possibilities for action. The discussion is located against a backdrop of current CM scholarship. Reference is also made to two aspects of social context: the increasing prominence of managerial discourse in educational arenas and the significance of student-centeredness in pedagogical theory. Both aspects appear to influence how order can be achieved in PE today. The analysis raises issues related to pedagogy, management and authority which are addressed in the final two sections of the paper.     

学业不良儿童社会信息加工研究述评

学业不良儿童的社会信息加工是当前学业不良研究的一个重要领域。本文从学业不良儿童社会信息加工的阶段及其特点,社会信息加工与各影响因素之间关系这两个角度出发,对现有研究进行梳理,并进行了简要评价与展望。     

One hundred and fifty years of sprint and distance running – Past trends and future prospects

Sprint and distance running have experienced remarkable performance improvements over the past century. Attempts to forecast running performances share an almost similarly long history but have relied so far on relatively short data series. Here, we compile a comprehensive set of season-best performances for eight Olympically contested running events. With this data set, we conduct (1) an exponential time series analysis and (2) a power-law experience curve analysis to quantify the rate of past performance improvements and to forecast future performances until the year 2100. We find that the sprint and distance running performances of women and men improve exponentially with time and converge at yearly rates of 4% ± 3% and 2% ± 2%, respectively, towards their asymptotic limits. Running performances can also be modelled with the experience curve approach, yielding learning rates of 3% ± 1% and 6% ± 2% for the women's and men's events, respectively. Long-term trends suggest that: (1) women will continue to run 10–20% slower than men, (2) 9.50 s over 100 m dash may only be broken at the end of this century and (3) several middle- and long-distance records may be broken within the next two to three decades. The prospects of witnessing a sub-2 hour marathon before 2100 remain inconclusive. Our results should be interpreted cautiously as forecasting human behaviour is intrinsically uncertain. The future season-best sprint and distance running performances will continue to scatter around the trends identified here and may yield unexpected improvements of standing world records.     

建立学习型政府的障碍及对策

建立学习型政府,实质上就是要在政府机构中引入学习型组织的管理模式和理念,进行以愿景为基础的学习管理,以提高政府组织的适应性。然而,建设学习型政府不可避免地会遇到许多现实障碍。而且,在政府组织中,由于其自身的特殊性,还存在着不同于企业组织的特属于政府组织的学习障碍。为此必须采取相应的对策。     

导学教师对学生学习监控的探讨

在开放教育教师与学生在时空上准分离的情况下,对学生学习过程的有效监控十分困难,为此,试图从导学教师对学生学习过程监控入手,就监控的标准、内容、途径等问题做一探讨。     

小学生共处状况调查报告

江苏省无锡五爱小学提出建构“学会共处”德育模式。为准确把握本校学生共处现状及影响因素,课题组在全校范围开展问卷调查。通过对调查结果的分析,有针对性地提出教育建议,为共处模式的建构提供依据。     

论中小学生的数学观

中小学生的数学观包括数学知识观、数学学习观和数学自我概念。它是通过学生自身数学实践活动经验、教师的教学目标和过程以及社会文化与学校文化传统三方面交互作用的过程形成的。它对学生的数学学习行为、学习策略、动机与情感都会产生重要影响 ,从而对良好数学学习成绩的获得有重要作用     

试论师范生拜师学艺的意义

师范生拜师学艺是实践教学改革的产物。在高等教育大众化的历史趋势和以实践创新为主基调的新世纪教育背景下,拜师学艺能促进理论联系实际,提高课堂教学质量和效益;能有效地提高师范生实践教学能力;能密切高校与中小学的联系;能为教育改革发展提供借鉴,为师范生的职前培养和职后发展开辟广阔的空间。     

文化与课程学习研究的变迁

课程观念、观点的转变,使课程视野中课程内容选择的文化关涉问题转向学习中学习者所承载的社会文化属性问题。对于学习中的社会文化因素的研究,继承和发展了维果茨基学派关于学习和人的发展的观点并形成了相对完整的研究方法和理路。文章在分析上述研究变迁之后,提出研究文化与学习问题的三个切入口,一是社会文化环境对学习提供的知识基础,二是学习者在特定文化背景中形成的已有知识经验的多样性,三是学习者所处的社会文化的特质。