Nobility,women and historical narratives of the crusades and the latin east

Historical narratives of the crusades and Latin settlement in the Levant, like other medieval literature, provide slim details about women. In medieval society Latin literary education was dominated by a predominantly male and ecclesiastical hierarchy, which reflected the views of a patriarchal social system and marginalised the public role of women. Crusade narratives in particular have been criticised for their negative attitude towards women, mirroring a lack of ecclesiastical enthusiasm at their involvement in the crusade movement. Histories about crusading and events in the Latin East were often written for, and in some cases by, the lay nobility who took part in crusades and settled in the holy land. These texts were sometimes used as propaganda to encourage nobles to take the cross, and much of the imagery within them had didactic elements. In the case of women, they provided models for behaviour according to social and marital status. A consistently negative portrayal of women was doubtless impossible due to the number of important noblewomen who took the cross, and their value in cementing political alliances between western Europe and the Latin East through marriage. This article contends that it is the complex links between crusade narratives and the nobility, in terms of participation and patronage, audience, subject matter and values – crusade as a “noble” pursuit – which helps to explain the discrepancy between established ecclesiastical views and the portrayal of women in historical narratives about crusading and settlement in the East. In order to establish this idea effectively, several main themes must be addressed, including the role of crusade texts within the context of contemporary noble culture, and crusade narratives as source material for noble values concerning women. To begin, however, it is necessary to provide some background on attitudes towards women and crusade, as well as the concept of nobility and the noblewoman's place in medieval society.     

《你能走多远》的狂欢化空间叙事

戴维·洛奇的<你能走多远>是一部以梵二会议前后变革中的宗教和俗世生活间的碰撞及对话为题材的小说,遗憾的是,尽管国外学界普遍肯定了这部作品的重要性,国内却并无相关译介研究,参照巴赫金对于狂欢化时空体的表述,不难发现,这部作品具有独特的狂欢化叙事空间建构方式.     

Robust estimator design with an emphasis balance between performance and robustness

From a number of ML estimators (typically unbiased) of practical interest which include the variance for a Gaussian distribution, the standard deviation for a Laplace distribution, the variance for a Rayleigh distribution and a “spread parameter” for a Cauchy distribution, we design robust estimators according to an emphasis balance between normalized performance and normalized robustness. We measure performance with inverted MSE and robustness with a differential geometric approach.     

Do training institutions learn from experience?

This essay is concerned with organisational learning and, in particular, policy learning. Sometimes, organisations learn; sometimes they do not. Sometimes they use their acquired knowledge, but this is, not always the case.     

绘画构图的画幅为什么是方形

撇开少数特殊现象来说,画家们普遍采用方形形式的画幅来进行绘画作品的构图和创造。人们如此厚重方形,这是由方形的性格所决定的。在这纵横方寸之内,人们可以创造无穷的趣味。     

许昌市开展城市广场体育文化健身活动的调查分析

随着社会的进步和城市环境的不断改善,城市广场公园纷纷落成,城市居民在不断追求生活质量、幸福指数的基础上,积极参加体育健身活动和休闲活动已成为日常生活的必然．通过对许昌市有代表性的文化广场内进行健身活动的群体特点、健身内容、活动时间、健身方式、实施效果等方面进行实地考察、走访和问卷调查,对许昌市文化广场体育健身情况进行现状分析,并提出了个人的建议与发展对策．     

金融时间序列中同积向量的充分改进最小二乘估计研究

以金融时间序列中同积向量的充分改进为对象,分析充分改进的最小二乘估计。在统计量的极限分布非标准时,构造充分改进的最小二乘估计。研究表明,改进的最小二乘估计方法是一种非参数方法,有助于充分的最小二乘估计。     

海南高职院校数学教师专业发展现状——以公办和民办高职院教师为例

以问卷方式了解海南高职院校数学教师专业发展状况,利用SPSS统计分析软件对问卷中公、民办数学教师基本情况做列联表分析,发现公、民办数学教师在年龄、学历、职称、周工作量、教学条件、受训机会等方面差异较显著。此研究旨在为高职院校数学教师提供良好教学平台提供实证依据。     

广场舞噪音扰民新思考

近年来,随着全民健身的推进广场舞风靡全国,广场舞的兴起是一把双刃剑,为人们带来欢乐的同时,广场舞“噪音”扰民又让其成为社区＂众矢之的”。本文从体育公共服务视角透析广场舞噪音扰民实则是体育公共服务供给与需求之间的矛盾,公共服务单一的供给模式已满足不了群众健身的需求。提出：体育公共服务的运行应从单一供给模式向多元化供给模式转变;并根据群众体育公共需求信息确定公共服务供给内容;同时,提高基础性体育公共服务、加强信息性体育公共服务、完善制度性体育公共服务,均衡公共需求与供给,从而引导广场舞良性发展,环保不扰民,构建社会主义和谐社会。     

关于平方根整数部分的几个等式

解决了有关平方根整数部分的几个问题.