Nobility,women and historical narratives of the crusades and the latin east

Historical narratives of the crusades and Latin settlement in the Levant, like other medieval literature, provide slim details about women. In medieval society Latin literary education was dominated by a predominantly male and ecclesiastical hierarchy, which reflected the views of a patriarchal social system and marginalised the public role of women. Crusade narratives in particular have been criticised for their negative attitude towards women, mirroring a lack of ecclesiastical enthusiasm at their involvement in the crusade movement. Histories about crusading and events in the Latin East were often written for, and in some cases by, the lay nobility who took part in crusades and settled in the holy land. These texts were sometimes used as propaganda to encourage nobles to take the cross, and much of the imagery within them had didactic elements. In the case of women, they provided models for behaviour according to social and marital status. A consistently negative portrayal of women was doubtless impossible due to the number of important noblewomen who took the cross, and their value in cementing political alliances between western Europe and the Latin East through marriage. This article contends that it is the complex links between crusade narratives and the nobility, in terms of participation and patronage, audience, subject matter and values – crusade as a “noble” pursuit – which helps to explain the discrepancy between established ecclesiastical views and the portrayal of women in historical narratives about crusading and settlement in the East. In order to establish this idea effectively, several main themes must be addressed, including the role of crusade texts within the context of contemporary noble culture, and crusade narratives as source material for noble values concerning women. To begin, however, it is necessary to provide some background on attitudes towards women and crusade, as well as the concept of nobility and the noblewoman's place in medieval society.     

《你能走多远》的狂欢化空间叙事

戴维·洛奇的<你能走多远>是一部以梵二会议前后变革中的宗教和俗世生活间的碰撞及对话为题材的小说,遗憾的是,尽管国外学界普遍肯定了这部作品的重要性,国内却并无相关译介研究,参照巴赫金对于狂欢化时空体的表述,不难发现,这部作品具有独特的狂欢化叙事空间建构方式.     

Robust estimator design with an emphasis balance between performance and robustness

From a number of ML estimators (typically unbiased) of practical interest which include the variance for a Gaussian distribution, the standard deviation for a Laplace distribution, the variance for a Rayleigh distribution and a “spread parameter” for a Cauchy distribution, we design robust estimators according to an emphasis balance between normalized performance and normalized robustness. We measure performance with inverted MSE and robustness with a differential geometric approach.     

Do training institutions learn from experience?

This essay is concerned with organisational learning and, in particular, policy learning. Sometimes, organisations learn; sometimes they do not. Sometimes they use their acquired knowledge, but this is, not always the case.     

Familiarity with Latin and Greek anatomical terms and course performance in undergraduates

Commonly used technical anatomy and physiology (A&P) terms are predominantly rooted in Latin and Greek vocabulary, so it is commonly inferred that a solid grounding in Latin and Greek roots of medical terminology will improve student learning in anatomy and related disciplines. This study examines the association of etymological knowledge of A&P terms and A&P course performance among 446 undergraduates in their first semester of the study of human gross anatomy and physiology, with a more detailed analysis of the characteristics of 52 students who filled out surveys about their prior knowledge and experiences related to medicine or anatomy. In both data sets, there was only a weak positive correlation between the performance on a quiz of Latin and Greek medical terms and the students' performance on regular assignments. The presumption that familiarity with Latin and Greek word roots has a strong influence on successful learning of anatomy is not supported by these data. Future research should address whether or not there are particular skills associated with using etymological knowledge in improving A&P course performance.     

拉丁舞练习对大学生自我概念和生活满意感的影响

本研究采用文献资料法、实验法、问卷调查法及数理统计法,以柳州师范高等专科学校大学一、二年级拉丁舞兴趣班学生35人为实验对象,以＂身体自尊量表（PSPP）＂、＂一般自尊量表＂＂一般生活满意感量表＂为测量工具,研究拉丁舞练习对大学生自我概念（身体自尊、整体自尊）和生活满意感的影响。结果表明：拉丁舞练习能提高大学生的自我概念,生活满意感相对比较稳定,通过锻炼不易改变;横向比较,身体自尊、整体自尊及生活满意感不存在性别差异;纵向比较,女生在提高＂自我价值感＂、＂运动能力＂、＂身体吸引＂以及＂整体自尊＂上具有显著性,男生只在＂整体自尊＂的提高上具有显著性;身体自尊、整体自尊与生活满意感有一定程度的相关。     

绘画构图的画幅为什么是方形

撇开少数特殊现象来说,画家们普遍采用方形形式的画幅来进行绘画作品的构图和创造。人们如此厚重方形,这是由方形的性格所决定的。在这纵横方寸之内,人们可以创造无穷的趣味。     

广场文化在城市文化建设中的作用研究——以宜昌市夷陵广场为例

党的十九大以来,以习近平同志为核心的党中央肩负实现中华民族伟大复兴的历史使命,全面推进精神文明建设,取得了巨大成就。广场文化在城市精神文明建设过程中发挥着重要作用,是构建和谐社会的一部分。广场文化有利于塑造城市文化形象,体现城市文化的个性,且具有参与度高、受众范围广、活动种类全等诸多特点。因此,它还可以在城市文化建设中增强城市凝聚力、丰富人民精神文化生活。     

许昌市开展城市广场体育文化健身活动的调查分析

随着社会的进步和城市环境的不断改善,城市广场公园纷纷落成,城市居民在不断追求生活质量、幸福指数的基础上,积极参加体育健身活动和休闲活动已成为日常生活的必然．通过对许昌市有代表性的文化广场内进行健身活动的群体特点、健身内容、活动时间、健身方式、实施效果等方面进行实地考察、走访和问卷调查,对许昌市文化广场体育健身情况进行现状分析,并提出了个人的建议与发展对策．     

金融时间序列中同积向量的充分改进最小二乘估计研究

以金融时间序列中同积向量的充分改进为对象,分析充分改进的最小二乘估计。在统计量的极限分布非标准时,构造充分改进的最小二乘估计。研究表明,改进的最小二乘估计方法是一种非参数方法,有助于充分的最小二乘估计。