Funding,evaluation, and the performance of national research systems

Understanding the quality of science systems requires international comparative studies, which are difficult because of the lack of comparable data especially about inputs in research. In this study, we deploy an approach based on change instead of on levels of inputs and outputs: an approach that to a large extent eliminates the problem of measurement differences between countries. We firstly show that there are large differences in efficiency between national science systems, defined as the increase in output (highly cited papers) per percentage increase in input (funding). We then discuss our findings using popular explanations of performance differences: differences in funding systems (performance related or not), differences in the level of competition, differences in the level of university autonomy, and differences in the level of academic freedom. Interestingly, the available data do not support these common explanations. What the data suggest is that efficient systems are characterized by a well-developed ex post evaluation system combined with considerably high institutional funding and relatively low university autonomy (meaning a high autonomy of professionals). On the other hand, the less efficient systems have a strong ex ante control, either through a high level of so-called competitive project funding, or through strong power of the university management. Another conclusion is that more and better data are needed.     

Relative Success? Determinants of College Graduation Rates in Public and Private Colleges in the U.S.

Amid growing criticism of public universities, there is little discussion of what appropriate institutional evaluation would entail. Six-year graduation rates are commonly used, and public bachelors granting institutions have lower rates than private institutions, but with the growth in non-traditional college attendance, these can be misleading. We develop a regression analysis as a way to evaluate institutions serving vastly different populations. We do this with a dataset constructed from publicly available sources and focus on the evaluation of public colleges. We show that public colleges are able to do more with less: our models suggest that with equivalent resources and student populations, public schools would graduate a slightly larger percentage of students than privates. Since financial resources come from very different sources, we evaluate this finding closely.     

对"数学教学效率"研究的几点思考

“数学教学效率论”不是一个普通的课题,而是在数学教学中落实科学发展观的一项战略考虑.科学发展观呼唤效率意识;在我国数学教育中,效率意识薄弱现象仍很突出;教育改革者是否具有效率意识,改革方案能否实施高效率的数学学习是数学教学改革是否具有生命力的硬指标.数学教育中,我们应重视以下几点:必须贯彻科学发展观,探索高效的教学方法,培养和造就具有效率意识的人才.     

网络信息资源利用效率的模型研究——基于TAM／TTF模型

本文在信息系统研究中被广泛采用的技术接纳模型(TAM)与任务技术适配模型(TTF)的基础上,建立了一个新的用以评价网络信息资源利用效率的理论模型,同时提出了相关的测度指标与测度方法。文章期望通过对模型三个核心变量即用户、任务、技术之间特性的分析与适配关系的探讨,试图找出影响网络信息资源利用效率的主要因素,从而为提高网络信息资源利用效率提供一些帮助。     

高校馆际互借文献传递的实践与思考

馆际互借与文献传递是图书馆之间或图书馆与其他文献情报机构之间建立协作关系,相互利用对方文献信息资源来满足读者需求的一种资源共享方式,由于其在高校图书馆业务中不断增长的重要性,已经发展成图书馆固定的、常规的服务形式。本文重点讨论了馆际互借文献传递的现实意义以及影响馆际互借文献传递服务的质量和效率因素。     

高校图书馆工作效率问题分析

效率是图书馆管理追求的核心目标,而人是图书馆管理活动的主体。本文简要阐述了在图书馆管理活动中人和效率之间的辩证关系,提出了人优先于效率的观点,并探讨了在图书馆管理中提高工作效率的途径。     

医院的信息资源配置效率评价

本文首先对当今社会条件下的医院信息资源配置进行了概括,阐述了信息资源配置对医院建设发展的必要性;通过对XX总职工医院的信息资源配置的现状调查,从各个医疗科室的设置和规模入手,尝试性地建立医院信息资源模型,即理论意义上的信息资源配置模型;其次,对医院实际的信息资源分布进行统计、分析,并应用统计方法中的相关关系分析法,通过对其相关程度进行分析,得出实际医院信息资源与理论信息资源的相关度,从而对医院信息资源的配置效率进行有效评价。最后,对医院的信息资源配置现状提出有建设性的建议。     

“编辑知识库+黑马校对”在科技期刊编辑加工中的应用

科技期刊作为承载科技成果传播的主要平台和业内权威学科知识发布平台之一,除了论文本身的创新性和科学价值之外,其语言的严谨性、专业术语的准确性、变量及单位符号的正确性、图表公式的规范化、编排格式的科学性等直接影响期刊的质量和在业内的信誉。本研究以《航空制造技术》为例,阐述了笔者团队通过“编辑知识库+黑马校对”的编辑加工模式来提高工作效率和编校质量的具体做法、取得的成效和心得体会,以及建立编辑知识库的方法、维护、存在的问题与建议等,以期供业界同人借鉴和参考。     

青海省劳动力产业配置效率

受客观条件的制约及其它诸多因素的影响，青海省产业结构偏离度较大，比较劳动生产率偏低，第二、三产业的劳动力需求弹性较大。要提高劳动力资源配置效率，有赖于符合省情的进一步市场化改革。     

科普场馆运行效率评价

以2008—2013年全国30个省份科普场馆面板数据为基础,利用数据包络分析方法中的BCC模型和 Malmquist指数模型,分别从静态和动态两方面来测度科普场馆的运行效率。结果表明：我国有半数以上省份的科普场 馆属于增长型,1/3以上场馆处于规模报酬不变或递增阶段。各省科普场馆应结合自身特点,从开展特色活动、拓宽资 金来源、完善评估体系三方面提高运行效率。