Determinants of R&D cooperation in Japanese start-ups

This paper explores the determinants of R&D cooperation in Japanese start-ups. Using a sample from an original survey conducted in 2008, we examine the effects of founder-, firm-, and industry-specific characteristics on R&D cooperation by type of partners. Our findings indicate that founder-specific characteristics such as educational background, prior innovation output, and affiliation to academic associations are fairly important in determining R&D cooperation with academic institutes (universities and public research institutes). We also provide evidence that founders’ prior innovation output and work experience have positive and significant effects on R&D cooperation with business partners. With respect to firm-specific characteristics, it is found that firms investing more in R&D tend to engage in R&D cooperation, regardless of the type of partners. Furthermore, it is found that independent firms are less likely to cooperate in R&D with academic institutes than subsidiaries and affiliated firms.     

基于资源观的R&D联盟伙伴组合选择方法研究

知识经济时代,组建R&D联盟成为企业创新与发展的战略手段,作为联盟组建首要环节的伙伴选择对联盟的有效运行具有重要影响。目前,关于联盟伙伴选择的研究主要集中在单个伙伴选择上,难以满足联盟多伙伴选择需要。因此,本文根据R&D联盟类型与目标确定其所需创新资源特征,构建R&D联盟伙伴选择指标体系,设计创新资源属性权重(创新资源的重要性)与供求权重(可获创新资源的稀缺性)确定方法;综合考虑备选伙伴自身能力以及不同伙伴之间矛盾冲突、创新资源互补等问题,提出科学、合理的伙伴组合选择流程与方法,并运用仿真计算验证其解决R&D联盟复杂项目伙伴选择问题的先进性与实用性。     

Do family order and neighbor intervention against intimate partner violence protect children from abuse? Findings from Kathmandu

Drawing on previous research on intimate partner violence, child maltreatment, and informal social control, we hypothesized relationships between child abuse severity and (1) protective informal social control of intimate partner violence (ISC_IPV) by neighbors, (2) intimate terrorism, (3) family order, and (4) the power of mothers in intimate relationships. In what we believe may be a first study of physical child abuse by parents in Nepal, we used a three stage cluster approach to draw a random sample of 300 families in Kathmandu. Random effects regression models were used to test the study hypotheses. The analyses found support for hypotheses one and two, but with an important caveat. Although observed (actual) protective ISC_IPV had the hypothesized negative association with child abuse severity, in one of our models perceived protective ISC_IPV was positively associated with child abuse severity. The models clarify that the overall direction of protective ISC_IPV appears to be negative (protective), but the positive finding is important to consider for both research and practice. A significant relationship between family order and child abuse severity was found, but the direction was negative rather than positive as in hypothesis three. Implications for neighborhood research and typological research on IPV and child maltreatment are discussed.     

教育大数据促进精准教学与实践研究--以“智慧学伴”为例

教育大数据正成为推动教育系统创新与变革的颠覆性力量。文章围绕教育大数据促进精准教学以提升教学效果为目标,从常态教学的挑战与问题出发,阐释大数据技术改进教学之道:大数据何以解决常态教学问题、何以改进教学效果、何以促进个性化自适应学习。以此为理论基础,文章以"智慧学伴"为例,探究了基于"智慧学伴"开展精准教学的应用与实践,并形成了基于数据分析的精准教学模式,文章的研究结果可为应用大数据改进教学提供借鉴。     

基于小世界网络的知识交流对象选择研究

本文在分析组织知识交流行为的基础上,提出了衡量知识交流效果的交流充分度指标和交流公平度指标。并探讨了知识交流对象选择机制对知识交流效果的影响。对小世界网络上的知识交流过程进行了模拟,并分析了结果。通过比较研究发现,就高选择机制是促进组织知识交流的积极因素,而工龄选择机制下会出现扎堆现象,妨碍组织的知识交流。     

奥运伙伴城市市民素质提升的路径选择

提高青岛市民的整体素质，不仅是青岛迈向国际化文明大都市的迫切需求，更是影响2008年奥运会成功与否的关键环节之一，市民的思想道德素质、科学文化素质、法律素质和参与奥林匹克的程度，将直接关系到能否成功举办一届历史上最出色的奥运会。提升市民素质应该通过多种渠道、多种方式进行。     

Reduced psychiatric symptoms at 6 and 12 months’ follow-up of psychotherapeutic and psychoeducative group interventions for children exposed to intimate partner violence

BackgroundLong-term follow-up studies of interventions for children exposed to intimate partner violence are few, and the sustainability of their outcomes often remains unexplored and uncertain. Current research including follow-up assessment suggests that treatment gains may be maintained or continue post termination. In addition some children may show increased levels of symptoms.ObjectiveThe present effectiveness study investigated the long-term outcomes of two established group interventions for children exposed to intimate partner violence and their non-offending parent.Participants and SettingThe study included 50 children, 24 girls and 26 boys, aged 4 to 13 years attending a psychotherapeutic child and adolescent mental health service intervention and a psychoeducative community-based intervention.MethodsBackground information, child and parental mental health problems, trauma symptoms, and exposure to violence were assessed pre- and post treatment and at 6 and 12 months’ follow-up.ResultsSustained treatment gains and late improvements in children’s internalizing and externalizing symptoms and in symptoms of traumatic stress were recorded from post treatment to the follow-up assessments (p = .004– .044; d = 0.29–0.67). No significant increase in symptoms was reported. Additionally, very little continued or renewed child exposure to violence was reported.ConclusionsThe results of the study indicate that the children did benefit from the two interventions studied and that the outcomes of reduced child symptoms and protection from exposure to violence were sustainable. Children with severe trauma symptoms benefited the most, though maternal psychological problems may for some have hindered recovery. Clinical implications are discussed.     

Maternal intimate partner violence victimization and child maltreatment

There is some limited evidence of an association between maternal intimate partner victimization (IPV) and children’s experience of maltreatment. Using data from a longitudinal study, we examine whether this relationship is independent of range of potential confounders including socio-economic, familial and psychological factors. Data were taken from the 14 and 30-year follow-ups of the Mater-University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy (MUSP) in Australia. A subsample of 2064 mothers and children (59.0% female) whose data on maternal IPV and child maltreatment was available, were analysed. In families with maternal IPV, two in five children reported being maltreated, compared to one in five children maltreated in families without maternal IPV. Except for sexual maltreatment which was consistently higher in female offspring, there was no gender differences in experiencing different types of maltreatment in families manifesting maternal IPV. Although both males and females were at increased risk of child maltreatment in families where mothers were victimized by their male partners, male children were more likely to be emotionally maltreated. The main associations were substantially independent of measured confounders, except for father’s history of mental health problems which attenuated the association of maternal IPV victimization and male offspring’s physical abuse. Our findings confirm that there is a robust association between maternal IPV and child maltreatment. Both maternal IPV victimization and child maltreatment co-occur in a household characterized by conflict and violence. Consequences of IPV go beyond the incident and influence all family members. Efforts to reduce child maltreatment may need to address the greater level of IPV associated with the cycle of family violence.     

The association between child exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) and perpetration of IPV in adulthood—A systematic review

Increasingly recognized as a distinct form of childhood maltreatment, children’s exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) has been shown to be associated with an array of negative psychosocial outcomes, including elevated risk for additional violence over the life course. Although studies have identified child exposure to IPV as a predictor of IPV perpetration in adulthood, no review has critically evaluated the methodology of this quantitative work. The present study examines the association between childhood exposure to IPV and the perpetration of IPV in adulthood based on a systematic review of the literature from inception to January 4, 2016. Databases searched included Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Sociological Abstracts and ERIC. Database searches were complemented with backward and forward citation chaining. Studies were critically appraised using the Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. Of 5601 articles identified by the search, 19 studies were included for data extraction. Sixteen of these studies found that child exposure to IPV was significantly and positively associated with adult IPV perpetration; three studies reported null findings. The methodological quality of the studies was low. Work thus far has tended to focus on child exposure to physical IPV and the perpetration of physical IPV within heterosexual contexts. In addition, measures of child exposure to IPV vary in their classification of what exposure entails. We critically discuss the strengths and limitations of the existing evidence and the theoretical frameworks informing this work.     

合作研发伙伴选择影响因素的实证研究

通过对现有理论和研究文献的回顾总结,结合对8家企业高层决策者的深度访谈提出影响因素的理论体系及本研究的5个假设．并通过对59份有效问卷的统计分析,证明了其中的4个假设：研发伙伴的技术实力、资源水平、相容性水平、知识产权情况与合作的满意度之间正相关．研究发现,影响合作研发伙伴选择的因素不仅和合作的满意度相关,它们相互之间也存在着强烈的相关关系。