RNAi的研究及应用

RNA干扰（RNA interference,RNAi）是由双链RNA（double-stranded RNA,dsRNA）引发的转录后基因沉默机制．RNAi可以调节和关闭基因的表达,进而调控细胞的各种高级生命活动,是真核生物中普遍存在的抵抗病毒入侵、抑制转座子活动、调控基因表达的监控机制．目前RNAi的研究取得了很大进展,有可能为肿瘤基因治疗提供新策略．     

RFLP原理及在作物基因定位和育种中的应用

系统介绍了RFLP的概念、原理、特点及其在实验操作中应注意的事项,总结了RFLP技术用于玉米、水稻等作物的基因定位以及在育种上的研究成果,最后讨论了RFLP技术在实践应用中存在的问题.     

泛酸生物合成相关酶及其基因的研究进展

泛酸是生物体内重要的代谢中间体,广泛存在于微生物和植物中。文章论述了泛酸合成途径关键酶(羟甲基转移酶、泛酸合成酶、天门冬氨酸-α-脱羧酶、酮泛解酸还原酶)及其基因的特性,并探讨其在泛酸工业生产、相关物质的检测、新型抗生素和除草剂研发等方面的应用。     

Transgenic barley with overexpressed PTrx increases aluminum resistance in roots during germination

A transgenic barley line (LSY-11-1-1) with overexpressed Phalaris coerulescens thioredoxin gene (PTrx) was employed to measure the growth, protein oxidation, cell viability, and antioxidase activity in barley roots during germination on the presence of 2 mmol/L AlCl₃ on filter paper. The results show that (1) compared with the non-transgenic barley, LSY-11-1-1 had enhanced root growth, although both were seriously inhibited after AlCl₃ treatment; (2) the degree of protein oxidation and loss of cell viability in roots of LSY-11-1-1 were much less than those in roots of non-transgenic barley, as reflected by lower contents of protein carbonyl and Evans blue uptakes in LSY-11-1-1; (3) activities of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR) in LSY-11-1-1 root tips were generally higher than those in non-transgenic barley root tips, although these antioxidase activities gave a rise to different degrees in both LSY-11-1-1 and non-transgenic barley under aluminum stress. These results indicate that overexpressing PTrx could efficiently protect barley roots from oxidative injury by increasing antioxidase activity, thereby quenching ROS caused by AlCl₃ during germination. These properties raise the possibility that transgenic barley with overexpressed PTrx may be used to reduce the aluminum toxicity in acid soils.     

慢性低氧及跑台训练对大鼠骨骼肌肌球蛋白重链(MHC)亚型基因表达的影响

为研究慢性低氧及跑台训练对大鼠骨骼肌肌球蛋白重链(MHC)亚型基因表达的影响,对揭示肌肉收缩蛋白性能的变化机制具有特定的意义.取健康SD雄性大鼠28只,随机分成4组进行试验,采用半定量反转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)法,测定骨骼肌MHC Ⅰ、Ⅱa、Ⅱx、Ⅱb四种亚型的mRNA基因表达.结果表明:与常氧对照组(C)相比,HC及NT组MHC各亚型mRNA表达量总体呈上升趋势(P＜0.05),仅仅低氧训练组(HT)MHC-Ⅱa亚型mRNA表达量明显下降(P＜0.05);另一方面,MHC各亚型mRNA所占百分比分析显示,慢性低氧能导致MHC亚型mRNA表达出现"由慢到快"变化趋势.另外,慢Ⅰ型百分比并未受慢性低氧及训练的影响.     

对Cluberton等“糖类的补充对运动引起的代谢基因表达改变的影响”一文的述评

本文所推荐的论文是一篇较有代表性的、值得学习和借鉴的优秀科研报道。研究背景文献清楚;研究命题创新性强,具较高的理论和实践意义;试验设计简单合理;实验过程控制严谨;指标测试体系有代表性;讨论部分逻辑清晰,层层推进;结论简洁,合理。当然,本研究当中也存在一些不足之处。例如：虽然此研究中采用了自身对照的实验方法,但仍无法回避样本量太小的事实。另外,营养学研究中身体基线状态的控制也应值得注意,无论是受试者运动前几天的饮食状况,还是训练情况都需要进行严格控制,这对于保持受试者每次测试前的生理状态和营养状态的一致性是很有必要的。     

幽门螺杆菌CagA蛋白与CTB融合基因的克隆及其植物表达载体的构建

目的　构建能在水稻胚乳中特异表达的幽门螺杆菌细胞毒素相关蛋白(CagA)和霍乱毒素B亚单位(CTB)的植物表达载体.方法　采用高保真PCR技术分别从质粒pGEM CTB和幽门螺杆菌基因组DNA中扩增出CTB和cagA基因,然后用PCR方法直接融合CTB基因和cagA基因.又用PCR法改造了水稻Wx启动子,在其3′端融合加入Ω序列和Kozak序列.通过一系列亚克隆最终将两个融合基因和NOS终止子插入根癌农杆菌双元载体pCAMBI A1300的表达框架内.结果　PCR验证和测序分析证明,CTB和cagA融合基因以正确的方向插入到载体pCAMBI A1300中,并位于水稻Wx启动子后.结论　成功构建CTB和cagA融合基因的植物表达载体,为幽门螺杆菌口服疫苗的研究奠定基础.     

Gene editing in plants: progress and challenges

The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-associated protein 9 (Cas9) genome editing system is a powerful tool for targeted gene modifications in a wide range of species, including plants. Over the last few years, this system has revolutionized the way scientists perform genetic studies and crop breeding, due to its simplicity, flexibility, consistency and high efficiency. Considerable progress has been made in optimizing CRISPR/Cas9 systems in plants, particularly for targeted gene mutagenesis. However, there are still a number of important challenges ahead, including methods for the efficient delivery of CRISPR and other editing tools to most plants, and more effective strategies for sequence knock-ins and replacements. We provide our viewpoint on the goals, potential concerns and future challenges for the development and application of plant genome editing tools.     

运动、氧化应激与DNA损伤和修复

在分子和基因水平上对运动时氧化应激损伤、氧化应激与DNA损伤以及DNA损伤和修复等几方面关系进行探讨,旨在探讨运动疲劳和损伤发生的分子生物学基础,并对未来运动医学研究的发展趋势进行展望。     

企业技术集成能力基因结构模型研究

技术集成能力是衡量企业资源配置水平,影响企业集成创新效果的内生动力,其形成方式与成长过程一直是理论界的研究热点。本文借鉴企业基因理论,从仿生学视角剖析技术集成能力基因本质,运用实证方法探究技术集成能力基因碱基的具体表达方式,在此基础上构建技术集成能力基因结构模型,揭示其成长“黑箱”。研究表明,技术集成能力基因是由技术链和管理链构成的双螺旋结构,信息监测、组织柔性、系统整合和技术学习是技术集成能力基因碱基要素的具体表现形式,也是技术集成能力成长的驱动要素。技术集成能力基因通过复制、变异和重组的一系列进化过程,实现要素匹配和功能优化,完成能力的适应性演化,提高企业资源配置效率。本文旨在为基因结构模型研究由概念性构建向实证识别提供全新思路和研究框架。