美国职工持股计划的实践与启示

职工持股计划(EMPLOYEE STOCK OWNERSHIP PLANS简称BSOP)是一种新型的产权激励制度，介绍了美国标准ESOP的制度设计，分析了ESOP在美国的实践和绩效情况，并在此基础上提出了美国BS0P对我国的借鉴意义。     

基础日语课程教学改革方案探究

基础日语课程是面对日语专业一、二年级学生开设的一门基础课程,它涉及到对学生听、说、读、写、译等五项基本技能的培养与训练,对学生综合能力的提高起着非常重要的作用。本文从教学目的、教学方法、教学过程等方面分析了日语专业传统基础日语教学中存在的几点问题,并指出了对当前基础日语课程教学改革的几点方案。     

Self-efficacy and the recognition of prior learning

Abstract

Recognition of prior learning (RPL) is a relatively new concept in South Africa, which has been introduced as a mechanism grounded in the educational transformational policies of the African National Congress (ANC) to redress the historical legacy of apartheid. This paper attempts to determine the impact of the RPL outcomes of a module on the self-efficacy of in-service educators involved in a BEd (upgrade) programme. The methodology included the gathering of quantitative and qualitative data through the administering of pre- and post-intervention self-efficacy questionnaires and focus-group interviews. Other foci were the biographical background of the students and the portfolios of evidence they produced during the course of the module. The data generated reveal a statistically significant improvement in the participating students’ self-efficacy over the course of the module, but draw attention to the negative impact of context in previously disadvantaged South African schools. The significance of this research lies not only in the interrogation of an innovative approach to dealing with RPL issues in an academic programme, as well as its possible influence on teacher self-efficacy, but also in its contribution to the academic debate about the RPL process currently taking place both locally and internationally.     

Online Catalogs and the User

Online catalogs are more than an extension of the card catalog. They are something entirely new and under continuous de- velopment. Although users are enthusiastic about online catalogs. their ositive attitude may change unless certain problems are cor- rectef The library profession should develop specifications for on- line catalogs that w~ll help eliminate user problems. Online catalogs interact with the user and can give himlher a sense of control if more modes of access for effective retrieval are designed. Online catalogs of the future should be more efficient if librarians have greater input in their design.     

The Art of Crafting Music Score Approval Plans: An Ongoing Process

Although approval plans have long been an accepted tool for monographic collection development, they have seen comparatively slow adoption for music scores. This slow adoption is mirrored by a relative dearth of literature about music score approval plans. At a time when changes in the financial and publishing landscape are having a profound impact on collection development practices and current trends in organizational restructuring are placing greater demands on librarians' time, the need for contemporary discussion of approval plans is that much greater. This article discusses the ups and downs of one library's foray into music score approval plans.     

Lessons from a Library Fire

ABSTRACT

In August, 1992, during a two-week hiatus between summer school and fall semester, Illinois State University's Milner Library suffered an arson fire. Nine days later, the library opened its doors and offered complete services. Although recovery was quick and damage minimal, staff learned the value of what may prove useful to others: revising disaster plans, taking proactive steps to secure building safety, on-going staff training, and jointly planning recovery actions with maintenance personnel.     

The Aurora Public Library Business Resource Center:

The Business Resource Center represents the Aurora, Colorado Public Library's response to a tremendous growth within the business community over the past decade. This essay details what factors led to the decision that a separate service point was needed to meet this growth. Issues discussed include what statistical data proved helpful in developing a plan of action; collection development considerations; analysis of factors concerning library functions and service; and, initial reaction from patrons and staff. The study is also presented as a model for other medium-to-large suburban libraries intending to initiate a similar project.     

Intergenerational Transfers of Preferences for Science Careers in Comparative Perspective

Using data from 24 countries, which participated in the 2006 Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), we examine the relationship between parental science employment and students' career expectations. In contrast to prior PISA-based studies, we find that the link between parental employment and adolescent plans to work in science is non-trivial and merits attention. In this context, we consider three versions of the gender socialisation hypothesis. The strong variant posits that girls' plans are shaped solely by their mothers' career pathways while boys model their expectations exclusively on fathers’ occupations. The weaker version of this hypothesis expects children to be influenced more by the same-sex than by the opposite-sex parent. Finally, the third possibility is that, as egalitarian ideologies prevail, parents inspire adolescent occupational plans regardless of gender. These hypotheses are assessed separately for student career plans related to biology, agriculture and health (BAH) in contrast to computing, engineering and mathematics (CEM), because the involvement in these fields of science is known to be segregated by gender. Using two-level multinomial logit modelling, we find some support for the weak version of the gender socialisation hypothesis. Although within-family transfers of preferences for science careers vary considerably across countries, we note certain regularities. In many nations, relevant paternal employment enhances sons' interest in science careers regardless of their field. In contrast, maternal employment inspires daughters in fewer countries and this influence tends to be limited to careers in BAH. We discuss the possible implications of these findings for science educators.     

新型农村社会养老保险制度研究述评

通过对新型农村社会养老保险制度文献资料的梳理,发现已往的研究主要围绕着新型农村社会养老保险制度的意义、新农保运行中出现的问题、村民的参保意愿及如何完善新农保的对策等问题,而缺乏对经济发达地区与经济欠发达地区新农保之间的比较、新农保与其他社会保障制度及社会工作制度之间的衔接等问题的研究。因此,在统筹城乡发展,实现城乡公共服务均等化的背景下,应将新农保的研究与农村经济社会的发展、农村社会建设结合起来,寻找激励村民及早参保的具体措施,探究新农保与其他社会保障制度及社会工作制度间有效衔接的具体方案,理顺新农保与家庭赡养、社区服务之间的关系,整体推进社会保障事业的发展,使政府、社会和家庭发挥合力,真正实现老有所养的目标。     

School social capital and secondary education plans

This article intends to identify the effects of school social capital on the educational plans of students, particularly those staying in school and obtaining an intermediate certificate. It is hypothesised that social capital helps to explain individual educational plans and differences between schools regarding the amount of students with particular educational plans. The analyses are based on a survey of 1638?year 8 Hauptschule students in Germany. The results show that the quality of relationships with teachers is of crucial importance for the educational plans of individual students. Furthermore, differences between schools can be explained by the degree of school expectations. This finding supports the assumption that schools provide different settings, not only for learning processes but also for developing educational aspirations and plans.