桑树木腐病的初步研究

浙江省杭州的桑树和喜树感染一种层孔菌(暗黄层孔菌)后,形成树木木腐甚至枯死。发病严重度和土壤的酸碱度及湿度有密切关系。暗黄层孔菌在酸性米饭培养基培养成功。用石灰治疗有效。     

A new approach to increase the attainable rice yield in intensive irrigated rice systems of Zhejiang province, China

A new site-specific nutrient management approach was developed to break the apparent attainable yield barrier of 6 t·ha⁻¹ in the double rice cropping system of Zhejiang. On-farm experiments involving 21 rice-growing farmer families and NPK long-term experiments commenced in 1997 in the central part of Zhejiang Province to assess the status of soil fertility and productivity under intensive rice-rice cropping. A new site-specific nutrient management (SSNM) approach has been developed for this studied area. Field-specific fertilizer recommendations are calculated considering indigenous nutrient supply, reasonable grain yield targets and corresponding nutrient demand, nutrient balance and nutrient use efficiency, as well as socio-economic factors. The agronomic performance of SSNM was tested against the farmer's fertilizer practice (FFP) in four 1998–1999 cropping seasons. Across seasons and years, SSNM consistently increased plant nutrient uptake, grain yield and profit by about 10%–15% compared to the FFP. Yield levels of 7.5 t·ha⁻¹ or more seem achievable and sustainable through introduction of SSNM and improved extension services in Zhejiang Province. Project supported by the International Fertilizer Industry Association(IFA), the Potash and Phosphate Institute, Canada (PPIC), and International Potash Institute(IPI).     

杂交水稻苗期生长与~(32)P~(14)C在分蘖的分布

用放射性同位素示踪技术,测定早、晚季10多个杂交水稻及其亲本中~(32)P、~(14)C在分蘖的分布(％),并统计其分蘖数量与~(32)P、~(14)C的相关性。结果表明,多数杂交水稻的分蘖数量与~(32)P在分蘖的分布(％)呈显著或极显著正相关,而与~(14)C也呈正的相关性;杂交水稻的生长势(苗高、苗重、根长、根重),普遍比亲本和“双桂36”好;光合强度和根的呼吸强度,除L301A×R29以外,其余均较高。还讨论了杂交水稻分蘖力,分蘖数量与谷粒产量的关系,以及~(32)P、~(14)C在分蘖分布(％)作为预测杂种优势的可能性。     

建水紫陶装饰工艺的艺术特点

作为中国"四大名陶"之一的建水紫陶诞生于云南西南边陲的建水县,迄今已有近千年的历史积淀,它以自身独特而鲜明的两大工艺技术,即"彩泥刻填"和"无釉磨光"在中国制陶工艺的历程中占据着自己的一席之地。此外,素有"文人陶"之称的建水紫陶除特殊的工艺技巧外,诸多工匠艺人在陶面上进行书画创作,以陶代纸,独特的装饰艺术塑造出建水紫陶区别于一般陶器的艺术特点。     

Exploring youth engagement in agricultural development: the case of farmers’ children in the Philippines as rice crop manager infomediaries

Purpose: This paper explores the intersections between community development and youth development in an initiative that mobilized farmers’ children as Rice Crop Manager (RCM) infomediaries (information mediators). RCM is an ICT-enabled nutrient management application.

Design/Methodology/Approach: The study engaged 30 farmers’ children in high school level from the provinces of Pangasinan, Isabela, Camarines Sur, Iloilo, Bukidnon, and Davao del Norte from November 2016 to October 2017. They interacted with the research team (the authors) and the RCM-SMS platform that sends text messages regarding fertilizer recommendations. A staff member from the Agricultural Training Institute (ATI) also called the students for some follow-up questions. The research team conducted three rounds of interviews with the students concerning the messages and calls that they received and what they did with the information.

Findings: This study finds that farmers’ children can perform infomediary roles quite effectively. Academically excellent children and those involved in farm work performed best.

Practical Implications: The study provides guidance on similar initiatives tapping young people in agricultural development.

Theoretical Implications: This paper finds that while Community Youth Development (CYD) Theory provides a powerful lens in understanding community and youth development intersections, some identified outcomes may overlap and may not be very easy to observe. Hence, the identified outcomes may be revisited for clarity and to make them more all-encompassing.

Originality/Value: The paper documents actual parent-child interaction when the latter is mobilized to serve as an infomediary to access nutrient management-related information on rice.     

水稻种子萌发过程中贮藏蛋白降解的研究概述

水稻种子贮藏蛋白分为水溶性清蛋白、醇溶性蛋白、盐溶性球蛋白和稀酸或稀碱溶性谷蛋白,其中以谷蛋白为主;水稻种子贮藏蛋白的降解与蛋白酶活性密切相关,它的降解过程受赤霉素、脱落酸、多效唑、茉莉酸甲酯等植物生长物质调控.     

1987-2016年中国粮食贸易时空格局演变及贸易结构安全性评估

粮食进出口贸易结构影响国家粮食安全.在开放的全球粮食贸易系统中,贸易格局与贸易安全水平息息相关,因此,准确评判中国粮食贸易结构的安全程度成为亟待解决的重要问题.本文采用净贸易量计算法、香农熵指数法对中国1987-2016年主要粮食(玉米、小麦、稻米、大豆)的进出口贸易时空格局和贸易结构安全性进行了分析.研究发现:①20...     

沿江地区双季稻与水旱轮作的产量和效益分析

本文研究了沿江地区双季稻,露地花生—晚稻、地膜覆盖花生—晚稻等连作和轮作的产量和效益。结果表明：地膜覆盖花生—晚稻的效益极显著地高于其他处理,而且茬口衔接合理。     

水稻无融合生殖研究的进展

文章从四个方面综述了水稻无融合生殖研究的历史和现状,提出了急待解决的四个问题。笔者认为,通过培育水稻无融合生殖系来固定和利用水稻杂种F_1的杂种优势是一条可行的途径,但将来还有大量的研究工作尚待完成。     

杂交稻制种田稻粒黑粉病发病成因及防治

通过对杂交稻制种田稻粒黑粉病的研究,初步探明了杂交稻制种田稻粒黑粉病加重的成因,同时提出防治此病的具体措施.