A new pedagogical model for adventure in the curriculum: part one – advocating for the model

Background: In recent years increasing attention has been given to models-based approaches to physical education as a way of promoting standards and particular types of learning through better alignment of teacher planning and delivery with pupil learning and achievement. However, little attention has been given to the specific contribution a pedagogical model for outdoor adventure education (OAE) has to make to pupils learning.

Purpose: This paper is presented in two parts. Part one is an advocacy paper and draws upon the broader discourse around models-based practice to make a case for the development of a pedagogical model for OAE. Drawing upon guidelines for models-based approaches to physical education, this paper considers the theoretical foundation, rationale, review of research findings and major theme that inform the development of a model of OAE.

Conclusions: The selected review of the research suggests that the major impact of OAE is upon the affective domain, particularly in relation to pupils developing a positive self-concept. Learning is also evident in the cognitive and physical domains, but this is secondary to learning in the affective domain. Drawing upon the analysis of the research literature, the major theme for the model is identified as ‘personal growth through adventure’ and ‘OAE’ is suggested as the name of the model. Part two of this paper builds upon these foundations to outline what a pedagogical model for OAE might look like in a secondary school in the UK.     

The different faces of controlling teaching: implications of a distinction between externally and internally controlling teaching for students’ motivation in physical education

Background: In Self-Determination Theory (SDT), a well-validated macro-theory on human motivation, a distinction is made between internally controlling teaching practices (e.g. guilt-induction and shaming) and externally controlling practices (e.g. threats and punishments, commands). While both practices are said to undermine students’ motivation, they would do so through somewhat differential motivational processes. Unfortunately, the relevance of the conceptual distinction between internally and externally controlling strategies has not been examined systematically. In the context of sport and physical education (PE), most studies on controlling teaching have either measured controlling teaching in an undifferentiated way or have focused on one particular feature of controlling teaching.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to provide a more fine-grained picture on the differential de-motivational effects of internally and externally controlling teaching strategies in the domain of PE.

Participants: A total of 925 students with an average age of 15.80 years (±1.99) coming out of 92 classes taught by 22 different PE teachers participated in the present study.

Data analysis: Data on perceived controlling teaching style and students’ motivation were analyzed within a multilevel framework from both a variable-centered (regression analyses) and person-centered approach (cluster analyses).

Results: We found evidence for a distinction between perceived internally and externally controlling teaching. Both teaching styles were strongly related to each other (r?=?.54). At the level of zero-order correlations, both internally and externally controlling teaching related negatively to students’ intrinsic motivation and identified regulation and related positively to introjected regulation, external regulation, and amotivation. However, when both teaching styles were included simultaneously as predictors of motivation in the regression analyses, only internally controlling teaching predicted poor quality and low quantity of motivation. A cluster analysis revealed different profiles of perceived controlling teaching style, with two profiles being characterized by either high or low levels of the two types of controlling teaching and other profiles displaying elevated or reduced levels of one of the types of controlling teaching. This person-centered analysis confirmed that particularly students who perceive their PE teacher as internally controlling are likely to report poor-quality motivation.

Conclusion: Controlling teaching (and internally controlling teaching in particular) is related to maladaptive motivational outcomes. As such, it can be advised to PE-practitioners to refrain from using controlling strategies when teaching students. More research is needed to identify the conditions under which teachers’ behavior is perceived as externally and/or internally controlling.     

业余合唱团的排练及探研

在训练业余合唱团时，应用各种确实有效的排练方法和手段，使业余合唱团能够充分发挥潜在的能量，尽快尽好地完成所排练的作品。     

感悟教学法的理论思考

感悟教学法是新课程大纲所倡导的重要的课堂教学方法之一,其独特之处在于关注个体在知识传承链接中的发展流程,引导学生学会生存,学会做人.感悟教学法有其自身的理论基础和基本框架,对感悟教学法的源头思考有助于课堂教学过程中对感悟教学法的实际运用,使教师能够重新审视自己,并以人文精神延展生命的张力,改变学生的学习方式,凸显学习主体的中心地位,让学习成为学生的一种内需,从而使课堂教学恢复青春活力.     

关于完整人的思考

马克思关于完整人的基本内涵是以劳动实践质心核心、社会质为中心、自然质为基础、意识质为主导的四的统一。劳动实践是使完整人得以实现的根本途径。     

古代诗歌思想内容鉴赏方法初探

鉴赏古代诗歌的思想内容,必须掌握其方法,否则就很难理解诗歌的特别含意。这类方法主要的有挖掘诗歌题目的内涵,分析诗人和时代背景的联系、理解诗歌表象的指代意义、鉴赏诗歌的语言,等等。     

王船山官德思想片论

王船山将“大公至正”视为官德的基本原则,要求为官者“以义制我”,关注“民之生死”,谨防以道德为旗号来攫取民利,“独灭裂小民而使之公”;为官者的仁爱之心是践履“公天下”原则的心理基础,而君主摒弃“一姓之私”.方能与臣下坦诚相待,同舟共济;为官者谨守道德,“躬行于上”,才能服众抚民,才具备为官掌权的合法性与合理性.这些思想对于当代官德建设仍具有启示意义.     

理论修养是共产党员的立身之本

以德治国的关键是以德治党.共产党员是我国现代化建设的骨干力量,必须努力提高自身素质,加强自身修养,力求做到德才兼备,成为群众学习的楷模.而要达到这一标准,其最基本的途径是学习理论.该论文集中阐述了刘少奇同志论共产党员理论修养的重要思想,目的在于说明理论修养是共产党员的立身之本.     

图书馆更新图书系统的实践与思考

图书馆图书系统的更新只是提高图书馆管理与服务的一种手段,只有解决自动化系统与图书馆业务管理工作相融合过程中出现的实际问题,才能真正发挥系统的先进性.     

浅谈女子竞技健美操力量训练方法

竞技健美操对力量素质的要求越来越高 ,它已成为决定运动成绩的主要因素之一 ,本文就女子竞技健美操运动员在力量训练中手段的选择以及上肢力量、下肢力量、腰腹力量训练的方法和注意事项进行了论述 .