“两课”教师修养谈

高校的政治理论课,思想品德课教师应从八个方面进行修养:政治观点高水准,理论修养高水平,学科知识高起点,行为实践高要求,社会关系高品位,个性心理高层次,素质技能高一筹,利益荣誉高姿态。     

How to encourage a lifelong learner? The complex relation between learning strategies and assessment in a medical curriculum

Abstract

To foster lifelong learning skills, we need new didactic approaches with aligned assessment methods. Therefore, we investigated whether the outcomes of a project assignment show a different relation to learning strategies than a longitudinal knowledge-based assessment. We studied learning strategies of first year students of medicine and biomedical sciences (n?=?248) and performed hierarchical regression analyses for the learning strategies and grades of the longitudinal knowledge-based test and project assignment. Scores of students, measured with the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (Likert scale 1–7), were relatively low for critical thinking (3.53), compared to rehearsal (4.40), elaboration (4.82), organisation (4.69) and metacognitive self-regulation (4.33). Knowledge based tests showed a significant relation to elaboration (p?<?0.01). For the project-based assessment, we did not find a significant relation to any learning strategy (p?=?0.074). Explained variance of the grades was low for all learning strategies (R² < 0.043). Different types of assessment did not discriminate between students with high or low scores on learning strategies associated with lifelong learning. An explanation is that the curriculum is not aligned with assessment, or students do not benefit in terms of grades. We conclude that, if assessment is to drive lifelong learning skills, this is not self-evident.     

Pre-service physical education teachers’ Indigenous knowledge,cultural competency and pedagogy: a service learning intervention

In this paper, we investigate the effects of a community- and school-based service learning experience (SLE) on pre-service physical education teachers’ Indigenous knowledge, cultural competency and pedagogy. Informed by the theoretical tenets of Indigenous research methodologies, experiential learning and critical reflection, we examine 55 final-year pre-service physical education teachers’ (age: 21.9 [8.3]; 10.7% low SES; 68% females) cultural learning and competency in a core unit of study with a six-week SLE. Measures of their experiences included reflective journals, multicultural teaching competency scales and focus group interviews. Findings support the design of the SLE, with statistically significant changes in pre-service teachers’ perceptions of their cultural competency (p < 0.001). Pre-service teachers were able to challenge their assumptions about Indigenous students, plan and implement student-centred and culturally relevant pedagogies. Attention is drawn to the design of this SLE and demonstrates the importance of using Indigenous community members and teachers as mentors, which has not been explored in previous SLE studies.     

Teaching in inclusive classrooms: efficacy and beliefs of Canadian preservice teachers

This study provides a Canada-wide snapshot of the self-efficacy and beliefs of 1490 preservice teachers in relation to inclusive teaching using the Teacher Efficacy for Inclusive Practice and the Beliefs about Learning and Teaching Questionnaire. At the time of data collection, these preservice teachers were in the final stages of their teacher education programmes. Based on the results of surveys in 11 Faculties of Education, men have higher self-efficacy than women for managing behaviour in the classroom, elementary preservice teachers have higher self-efficacy in collaboration than those teaching in secondary schools, those enrolled in the 1-year post-degree programme show lower self-efficacy than those enrolled in programmes of other durations, and those who have experience with people with special education needs show higher self-efficacy than those who do not. Differences illustrated that women were more inclusive than men, 1-year post-degree preservice teachers were less inclusive than others, and those who have experience with people with special education needs are more inclusive than those who do not. Recommendations for teacher education and limitations surrounding the practical significance of the findings are discussed.     

大学生英语听力训练模式数据分析及学习策略的思考

本文就大学生听力训练的三种学习模式进行了实验,并结合认知学习论和“母语-英语知识-认知双元结构”的相关理论,对实验的相关数据进行了分析,同时,针对不同的学生提出了不同的学习策略和教学模式.     

Improving the learning of Boolean queries by means of a multiobjective IQBE evolutionary algorithm

The Inductive Query By Example (IQBE) paradigm allows a system to automatically derive queries for a specific Information Retrieval System (IRS). Classic IRSs based on this paradigm [Smith, M., & Smith, M. (1997). The use of genetic programming to build Boolean queries for text retrieval through relevance feedback. Journal of Information Science, 23(6), 423–431] generate a single solution (Boolean query) in each run, that with the best fitness value, which is usually based on a weighted combination of the basic performance criteria, precision and recall.     

风险投资中的代理问题、风险分担与制度安排

信息不对称使得风险投资面临严重的代理问题，代理问题与风险企业（项目）的高不确定性又会导致风险投资的高失败率。恰当的制度安排能够降低代理成本和风险：一方面，风险投资家严格筛选高层管理团队，对他们采用强约束和适当的激励，并积极参与风险企业的管理，提供增值服务；另一方面，风险企业普遍采用全员持股这种组织激励方式。风险投资机制将监督、激励与风险分担有机地结合在一起，从而大大缓解了风险投资中的代理问题。论文还对我国风险投资业的发展提出一些相关建议。     

组织中的学习战略演化及其案例研究

经济的全球化、商业环境的剧烈变化促使组织采取相应的学习战略来提高自身的学习能力。由于商业环境的不同、组织自身的条件各异，组织采取的学习战略会各不相同。文章讨论了一个组织内学习战略演化的三阶段模型，这三个阶段是：职工开发、逼近的商业需要、未知的商业开发。然后，对Motorola大学在公司内战略地位的变化历程进行了剖析。最后得出了一些有借鉴意义的经验和结论。     

经理人创新胜任力及其对技术创新模式的影响机制

明确经理人创新胜任力的组成,通过个体和组织层面的组织承诺与组织学习分析经理人创新胜任力对技术创新模式的影响路径。以全国182家制造及高新技术企业为对象进行调研,运用多元回归等方法统计检验。研究表明:由创新动力、创新能力和创新空间组成的经理人创新胜任力越强,企业越倾向于采取突变式创新;组织承诺和组织学习在经理人创新胜任力与技术创新模式之间存在部分中介作用;企业创新文化越强,经理人创新胜任力越需要通过组织承诺和组织学习传递其对技术创新模式选择的影响。     

技术系统演化中的忘却学习研究

忘却学习作为组织学习的一种典型模式在技术系统演化的研究中日益重要,受到大量学者的关注。相对于一个技术范式周期内的组织学习研究,忘却学习成为技术范式转变时期组织学习的主导模式。但对于忘却学习的研究,目前还缺乏系统科学的深入探讨。本文将尝试性的从知识与流程的角度界定忘却学习以及构建技术范式转变时期组织从学习到忘却学习的演化模型。