Making the Invisible Visible. On Participation and Communication in a Global, Web-based Master’s Programme

This study focuses on the discourse of an intercontinental on-line Master’s programme in adult learning, using English as the lingua franca of the programme and involving four collaborating universities in Sweden, South Africa, Canada and Australia. The programme is highly interactive, emphasising communication between students. Taking the variation in participation as the point of departure, a discourse analysis aiming at analysing the contingencies contributing to the pattern of communication in the programme was undertaken. Data consist of a variety of texts on-line web-documents, written notes, and narratives that participants wrote about their lives related to participation in the programme. The use of English as the lingua franca contributed to a mistake anxiety, which for some students was hampering their communication in the programme. Aspects of the material world such as the vast differences in the efforts and costs for participating in the programme were also highly interrelated to the shaping of socio-culturally situated identities among the students and thereby contributing to the variation in frequency in participation. The results show that the official discourse of the programme as a text, with its emphasis on equity, change and development, gets subordinated to the discourses produced and reproduced by the students in the programme as a discursive practice and social practice. The students’ accounts reveal that there are fragments of an alternative discourse emerging, based on mutual concern and friendship, which might suggest a potential for changing the communicative patterns in the programme.     

线性规划解法的讨论及单纯形C程序设计

解决线性规划问题古典的拉氏乘子法和单纯形法 ,是运筹学的内容。通过相关表格的描述 ,表达求解线性规划高斯消元法 (基本解 )与单纯形法 (可行解 )的关系 ,及迭代次数多少的比较 ;得出单纯形 (凸多面体 )是按一定(趋近最优值 )方向替换基坐标轴 ,大大减少了求解联立方程组的个数     

Struggling and juggling: a comparison of student assessment loads across research and teaching-intensive universities

In spite of the rising tide of metrics in UK higher education, there has been scant attention paid to assessment loads, when evidence demonstrates that heavy demands lead to surface learning. Our study seeks to redress the situation by defining assessment loads and comparing them across research and teaching intensive universities. We clarify the concept of ‘assessment load’ in response to findings about high volumes of summative assessment on modular degrees. We define assessment load across whole undergraduate degrees, according to four measures: the volume of summative assessment; volume of formative assessment; proportion of examinations to coursework; number of different varieties of assessment. All four factors contribute to the weight of an assessment load, and influence students’ approaches to learning. Our research compares programme assessment data from 73 programmes in 14 UK universities, across two institutional categories. Research-intensives have higher summative assessment loads and a greater proportion of examinations; teaching-intensives have higher varieties of assessment. Formative assessment does not differ significantly across both university groups. These findings pose particular challenges for students in different parts of the sector. Our study questions the wisdom that ‘more’ is always better, proposing that lighter assessment loads may make room for ‘slow’ and deep learning.     

Self-Regulated Learning in Technology-Enhanced Learning Environments: lessons of a European peer review

This article first describes the state-of-the-art of model building and empirical research in the field of self-regulated learning (SRL) and then focuses on self-regulated learning in Technology-Enhanced Learning Environments (TELEs). We present recent research results obtained in a European project (TELEPEERS) in the context of which we evaluated TELEs in a peer review manner with respect to their potential for supporting self-regulated learning. In addition, data were obtained on a sample of TELEPEERS students working in these environments and comparative analyses were made across the European project partners.     

The importance of specifying and studying causal mechanisms in school-based randomised controlled trials: lessons from two studies of cross-age peer tutoring

Based on the experience of evaluating 2 cross-age peer-tutoring interventions, we argue that researchers need to pay greater attention to causal mechanisms within the context of school-based randomised controlled trials. Without studying mechanisms, researchers are less able to explain the underlying causal processes that give rise to results from randomised controlled trials. Studying implementation fidelity is necessary but not sufficient for causal explanation; the study of causal mechanisms through the application of mixed methods is also required. Due to the increasingly complicated nature of many classroom-based innovations that are subject to evaluation, and the potentially distal nature of hypothesised effects, particularly on attainment, programme theory and articulation of mechanisms are essential in enhancing causal explanation and promoting the accumulation of knowledge of what works and why in classroom settings.     

"土木工程"专业培养计划构想

本文结合我校实际情况,阐述了土木工程专业培养计划的基本思路及其特点,为修订该专业培养计划提出探索性意见,同时为其他专业培养计划的制定提供参考.     

培训是做好退耕还林工作的重要保障

退耕还林自1999年开展以来,引起了国际社会和国内各界的广泛关注和极大兴趣。作为一项国家投入大、政策性强、操作难度大、群众参与度高的国家特大型生态建设工程,其特点决定了必须加强对退耕还林工程管理人员和技术人员及农民群众的培训工作。搞好退耕还林培训必须加强组织领导、制定长远规划、建立培训体系、完善培训内容、注重信息反馈。     

高等工程教育培养质量研究

实施“卓越计划”是我国中长期工程教育改革的关键一步,是全面提高工程教育人才培养质量的重要手段。培养引领未来技术和产业发展的人才已成为中国高等教育界、工业领域及国际社会关注的热点。     

浅析电视谈话节目的互动话语结构

本文从语言学的角度，通过搜集的语料对电视谈话节目互动话语进行分析，描述其互动话语中有规律的形式特征。一个成功的电视谈话节目应该充分利用参与者之间的互动结构，调动大家说话的积极性，从而挖掘话题深度，最终揭示主题。     

An exploratory product evaluation of the Manchester Motor Skills Programme

This study is an exploratory product evaluation of the Manchester Motor Skills Programme (MMSP). A mixed methodology was used to explore intended, unintended, positive and negative outcomes for four Key Stage 2 (KS2) children with motor skills difficulties who participated in the MMSP. The children’s motor skills, social skills and self-esteem were assessed using standardised measures pre- and post-intervention and at follow-up. Semi-structured interviews and a focus group were used to elicit the views of pupils, the class teacher and the group leader. Results indicated positive yet variable improvements in motor skill domains which were sustained at three month follow-up. Qualitative data highlights some perceived improvement in children’s social skills, confidence and use of meta-cognitive strategies and an unexpected perceived outcome for one child with co-existing speech and language difficulties. The responses of this group highlight some individual factors which practitioner educational psychologists (EPs) should consider when planning motor skills interventions with schools.