The distance learning mode of training teachers in Kenya: challenges,prospects, and suggested policy framework

Globally, distance learning has gained legitimacy as an effective mode for learning and training. This legitimacy has occurred as a result of, inter alia, its flexibility with respect to time, pace and entry requirements, affordability, cost‐effectiveness, and reputation for high quality. In Kenya, distance learning – although relatively new – is being promoted to attain the Millennium Development Goals, Universal Primary Education, and the Kenya Vision 2030 targets. The majority of those who enrol for distance learning are teachers. This paper examines the utility of a distance learning approach for training teachers in Kenya: its challenges, prospects, and the need for a policy framework. It critically interrogates the readiness of the providers, the learning and policy environments. The paper concludes that current dual‐mode providers do not meet the requirements of the defining features of distance learning, and offers specific quality assuring policy directions.     

Engineering perceptions of female and male K-12 students: effects of a multimedia overview on elementary,middle-, and high-school students

Computer-based multimedia presentations employing animated agents (avatars) can positively impact perceptions about engineering; the current research advances our understanding of this effect to pre-college populations, the main target for engineering outreach. The study examines the effectiveness of a brief computer-based intervention with animated agents in improving perceptions about engineering. Five hundred sixty-five elementary, middle-, and high-school students in the southwestern USA viewed a short computer-based multimedia overview of four engineering disciplines (electrical, chemical, biomedical, and environmental) with embedded animated agents. Students completed identical surveys measuring five subscales of engineering perceptions immediately before and after the intervention. Analyses of pre- and post-surveys demonstrated that the computer presentation significantly improved perceptions for each student group, and that effects were stronger for elementary school students, compared to middle- and high-school students.     

图书馆数字化建设的思考

通过对我国百强企业图书馆数字化建设情况的调查,分析了我国企业图书馆的自动化、网络化、数字化建设现状,并提出图书馆数字化建设的一些建议。     

最短路径若干算法的程序实现及分析比较

分别对计算最短路径的Dijkstra算法、Floyd算法、Kruskal算法进行了程序实现并且分析比较,结合实际问题说明在实际生活中应有的放矢的应用他们。     

论我国学校体育改革的趋势与目标

通过对学校体育出现的问题进行分析,指出了现行的学校体育课程设置是产生一系列问题的主要根源,已成为影响实现学校体育目标的最大障碍。必须从根本上彻底修改或取消现行的《教学计划》和《教学大纲》模式。理想的学校体育应该是在学校体育工作的指导下,学生们自由选择１～２项活动内容进行重点培养提高,为终身体育打好基础。     

Intervention programme to prevent bullying in adolescents in physical education classes (PREBULLPE): a quasi-experimental study

ABSTRACT

Background: Bullying is a social problem where there is a phenomenon of intentional aggression that occurs in all schools. It has multiple negative consequences for the victim’s psychological health. As school is a context for learning about life in society, strategies to prevent such attitudes and behaviours should be encouraged. Although some studies seem to indicate the potential of the subject of physical education to promote attitudes and behaviours against bullying, there is still insufficient scientific evidence to deduce a positive impact on the reduction or prevention of this phenomenon.

Purpose: This study aimed to analyse the effectiveness of a specific intervention to prevent bullying in Physical Education classes in Secondary Education. 6 specific sessions inserted into the physical education curriculum to find out what bullying is, who its protagonists are and how to prevent it.

Participants and setting: In the study, 764 students with an age range of 12–19 years (49.3% girls; age mean [M]?=?14.80, standard deviation [SD]?=?1.69) from two public educational centres participated. Among them, 439 were randomly assigned to the quasi-experimental group (48.1% girls; age M?=?14.70, SD?=?1.59) and 325 to the control group (51.1% girls; age M?=?14.94, SD?=?1.83). Data were collected at two timepoints, pre- and the post-intervention data.

Data collection: The Spanish version of the European Bullying Intervention Project Questionnaire (EBIPQ) was used to measure the incidence of bullying. To measure cyberbullying, the Spanish version of the European Cyberbullying Intervention Project Questionnaire (ECIPQ) scale was used.

Data analysis: The Student t-test was performed to compare possible differences between the experimental and control groups in the pre-test. To compare the means of the factors obtained based on the variables and the instruments used, as well as the scores obtained from the subjects of the experimental and control groups at the two timepoints, linear models of repeated measurements have been established comparing the pre- and post-intervention moments and the experimental and control groups, introducing sex and grade variables to compare the effectiveness of the programme based on them.

Results: There were no differences in the pre-test measurements in any of the variables. After the intervention programme in the quasi-experimental group, the bullying victimisation (F?=?16,951; p?=?.000) and bullying aggression (F?=?5,215; p?=?.023) rates decreased significantly more than they did the control group. Likewise, victimisation in cyberbullying (F?=?6,234; p?=?.013) decreased significantly differently, but aggression in cyberbullying did not (F?=?0,099; p?=?.753).

Conclusion: The implementation of a specific intervention to prevent bullying inserted into the physical education curriculum seems to have decreased bullying and cyberbullying victimisation.     

跳远技术教学CAI课件的制作与应用研究

本结合田径教学实际，在体育教学和教育技术理论与方法的指导下，综合运用献资料法、专家访谈法、实验法、多媒体CAI课件编制法，以Authorware5．5作为课件开发平台．制作《跳远技术教学CAI课件》，摸索体育技术课教学CAI课件的制作规律和方法。通过在教学中的实践，挖掘出体育技术课使用CAI课件辅助教学的优越性，为进一步推广CAI课件辅助教学提供依据。     

关于开发非黄金时段广播电视节目的思考

广播电视节目的“黄金时段”占有天时、地利、人和的优势。随着人们对广播电视节目需求的不断变化，收听、收视人群的日益扩大和受众欣赏品位的逐步提高，“非黄金时段”越来越显示出其巨大潜力。所以对广播电视节目的“非黄金时段”的重要性、紧迫性及其开发利用进行一次重新认识很有必要。     

Making Sure It’s the Right One: Induction Programme as a Gatekeeper to the Teaching Profession

Induction programmes including assessments of suitability were introduced in Sweden 2011 and were in use for three years. The purpose of this study is to examine the conditions for and the consequences of giving the induction programme a gatekeeper function to the teaching profession. The empirical basis consists of a web-based survey, which involves approximately 100 school principals and preschool heads. The study shows that the conditions for a fair assessment of suitability were not established. The assessment task was complex; those responsible for the assessments were not sufficiently prepared. The induction employments varied in coherence and in demands. The results support bringing the gatekeeper-function back into teacher education and focusing the induction programme on support and development.     

应用程序安全防护

首先分析黑客软件获取应用程序密码的原理及工作方式,然后给出Visual C++6．0的程序中保护Edit控件密码的措施和方法。