科学研究纲领指导下的科学合理重建

伊姆雷·拉卡托斯,英国著名的数学哲学家和科学哲学家,他博取波普尔和库恩学说的合理成分建立了“科学研究纲领方法论”,提出了新的解决科学与非科学的划界标准,以及如何判断科学理论的进步问题。     

Effects of two physical education programmes on health- and skill-related physical fitness of Albanian children

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of two school-based physical education (PE) programmes (exercise-based and games-based) compared with traditional PE, on health- and skill-related physical fitness components in children in Tirana, Albania.

Participants were 378 first-grade (6.8 years) and 389 fourth-grade (9.8 years) children attending four randomly selected schools in Tirana. Twenty-four school classes within these schools were randomly selected (stratified by school and school grade) to participate as exercise group (EG), games group (GG) and control group (CG). Both EG and GG intervention programmes were taught by professional PE teachers using station/circuit teaching framework while CG referred to traditional PE school lessons by a general teacher. All programmes ran in parallel and lasted 5 months, having the same frequency (twice weekly) and duration (45 min). Heart rate (HR) monitoring showed that intensity during PE lessons was significantly higher in the intervention groups compared with control (P < 0.001). Both PE exercise- and games programmes significantly improved several health- and skill-related fitness indicators compared with traditional PE lessons (e.g. gross motor skill summary score: 9.4 (95% CI 7.9; 10.9) for exercise vs. control and 6.5 (95% CI 5.1; 8.1) for games vs. control, cardiorespiratory fitness: 2.0 ml O₂ · min^?1 · kg^?1 (95% CI 1.5; 2.4) for exercise vs. control and 1.4 ml O₂ · min^?1 · kg^?1 (95% CI 1.0; 1.8) for games vs. control). Furthermore, compared to games-based PE, exercise-based PE showed more positive changes in some gross motor coordination skills outcomes, coordination skills outcomes and cardiorespiratory fitness. The results from this study show that exercise- and games-based PE represents a useful strategy for improving health- and skill-related physical fitness in Albanian elementary school children. In addition, the study shows that exercise-based PE was more effective than games-based PE in improving gross motor function and cardiorespiratory fitness.     

模糊综合评判模型在职称评定中的应用

本文给出了一种模型综合评判模型，将其应用于职称评定工作中，并编写了Qbasic语言计算程序。同时给出了几个模拟结果。     

以“三个代表”为纲，大力推进文艺发展

“三个代表”的思想是总揽各项事业包括文艺工作的纲领.落实“三个代表”精神,是当代文艺发展的必由之路.应当把学习贯彻“三个代表”的思想与贯彻执行党的其他文艺方针政策结合起来;唱响主旋律,发展多样化;倡导艺术创新,勇于在文坛领跑;加强文艺队伍建设,不断提升主体素质.     

职教课程探索的三个层级

职业教育课程改革包括三个层级的探索。课程形态(类型)主要用以说明其体现的教育思想和理论基础，对职教影响较大的有学科课程、活动课程、核心课程和多元整合型课程。课程模式是来自于某种课程形态并以其课程观为主要指导思想，为课程方案设计者开发或改造某个专业并编制课程文件提供具体思路和操作方法的标准样式。课程方案是落实专业培养目标、确定教学内容和组织实施的课程方面的具体操作计划。课程开发指产生一个完整课程方案的全过程，应在劳动力市场分析、职业分析、受教育者需求和基础分析、相关课程文件分析的基础上进行。     

论电视读报节目主持人的角色定位

电视读报节目是近年来涌现出来的一种新型电视资讯节目形态类型。在这类节目中,电视媒体通过对报纸信息的再加工、再整合进行二次传播,很好地将电视易懂、生动的特点与报纸深度,多元的优势结合到了一起,彰显了媒介融合的传播优势。主持人是电视读报节目中一个至关重要的因素。新的文化生态环境、社会心理语境以及电视读报节目自身“声画缺位”等传播特点,决定着该类节目中主持人独特的角色定位。本文就试图从以上这些角度,对电视读报节目中主持人的角色定位进行探讨。     

The Limerick Reading Initiative: a reading intervention targeted at struggling readers in primary school

In this study we examined the effectiveness of a reading intervention targeting a group of 24 struggling readers in ten primary schools in Ireland. The intervention consisted of two components; component one consisted of 15‐20 minutes delivery of the Toe‐by‐Toe programme (a well established systematic synthetic phonics programme) and the second component consisted of 15‐20 minutes guided oral reading using levelled texts. Using standardised measures of word reading, reading fluency, reading comprehension, word attack skills and spelling, we found that after five months of the intervention, the majority of the pupils made significant improvements in reading and reading fluency. The reading comprehension improvements were more varied with almost a quarter of participants showing remarkable progress, while the remainder recorded considerably less impressive gains. These results are very encouraging for classroom practitioners and demonstrate that research validated approaches can help at‐risk readers close the gap with their typically developing peers.     

高校“现代通信技术”课程教学内容和方式的改革

对高校“现代通信技术”课程进行分析与介绍，并总结该课程“理论＋实践”课程体系的教学特点。     

住房产业化的设计思路

城镇居民住宅的产业化 ,对今后住宅的规划设计提出了新的课题 ,作者对住宅的配套设施和内部设计的合理性提出了新的观点 ,并对城镇住宅的可持续发展问题进行了探讨。     

欧盟“格龙维计划”初探

"格龙维计划"是欧盟终身学习计划的重要分计划,是欧盟建设知识欧洲,维持经济持续增长和促进社会和谐的主要措施。本文主要分析了"格龙维计划"的产生和发展,阐述了该计划的目标和内容,讨论了该计划的特色和成效。格龙维计划的成功经验,对我国在成人教育政策的变革、成人教育内容及方式的改进和成人教育国际合作领域的拓展等方面有可借鉴之处。