实用修辞的目标与策略

本文以“实用和美感”两大分野的修辞假说为前提 ,运用唯物辩证法的基本原理 ,着重对实用修辞进行了比较系统的分析和描写。本文认为 :(1 )实用修辞即优化性修辞 ,它是美感修辞的基础和前提 ,是所有修辞行为的必然选择 ;(2 )实用修辞可分为优化的目标和优化的策略两个方面 ;(3)优化的目标包括“等同性”和“高效性” ,其中“高效性”又分为“经济性”和“时效性”两个方面 ;(4)优化的策略包括“适度与过度”、“详尽与省略”、“前瞻与回溯”等方面     

“He Was a Muslim Knight Who Fought for Religion,Not for the World”. War and Religiosity in Islam: A Comparative Study between the Islamic East and West (Twelfth century)

In the second half of the twelfth century, the Maghreb and the Mashriq saw two new political and religious projects taking place, which shared a common reformist spirit. The Almohad movement and the process initiated by Zankī (r. 1127–1146) gave a crucial role to jihād, as well as introducing far-reaching religious reform, doing away with the supposed decadence that had taken hold in the years before. The combination of these two elements gave rise to a greater exchange between religiosity and war. A comparative analysis of Islamic sources from both east and west reveals this increase of religiosity in war in three different fields: the participation of religious elites in the armies; the rise in the use of rituals and religiosity while at war, by means of sermons, speeches and the use of “sacred” objects; and miraculous events related to acts of war.     

高捕捞强度环境下海洋鱼类生态对策的演变

分别选取大黄鱼、小黄鱼、带鱼和鳀鱼作为四种海洋生态对策的代表性鱼类,分析了它们在近几十年高捕捞强度环境下生态学性状的变化.发现四类近海鱼类的种群结构均向简单化方向发展,具体表现为:鱼类种群平均体长、平均体重和平均年龄均变小,年龄结构趋于简单,同时种群生长速度和性成熟速度加快,初次性成熟年龄和体长变小,个体生殖力显著增大,死亡率增加.鱼类的生态学参数的一系列变化表明,作为对人为过度捕捞的适应性响应,海洋鱼类为恢复和延续种群,其生态对策由K对策向r对策发展和演变,且这种趋势正在加剧.     

国外高校图书馆社交网络应用调查与分析——以Facebook为例

通过对国外100家高校图书馆Facebook服务平台的网络调查,从建站时间、服务内容、提供的功能、应用程序、活跃度等方面对Facebook应用的现状进行分析,为国内高校图书馆建设社交网络平台进行服务提出一些建议,并指出图书馆应用社交网络仍需深入研究和思考效果、隐私和安全3个主要问题。
     

n阶(n1,n2,…,nk)型k重(r1,r2,…,rk)-循环矩阵相乘的快速算法

利用快速富里叶变换(FFT),给出n阶(n1,n2,…,nk)型k重(r1,r2,…,rk)-循环矩阵相乘的快速算法,其计算复杂性为O(nlog2n),其中n=k     

Caliphal Imperialism and Ḥijāzī elites in the second/eighth Century

ABSTRACT

This article contributes to the debate over the effectiveness with which late Umayyad and early ?Abbāsid caliphs negotiated their respective rights and duties with provincial elites during the second/eighth century. The focus is on the relationships that evolved between the caliphs and those elite families residing in the ?ijāz whose ancestors had helped to establish the Muslim community and the early caliphal empire in the mid-first/seventh century. The article's analysis centres on a series of four revolts in the ?ijāz over the second/eighth century and examines developments in the enthusiasm with which local elites either supported or opposed those revolts. This discussion demonstrates that, aside from a brief period during the first decades of ?Abbāsid rule, Umayyad and ?Abbāsid caliphs during the second/eighth century were actually quite successful at inspiring loyalty among the local elites of the ?ijāz.     

Catégories et fonctions dans l’appareil de l’état au temps des Barmécides: un sondage sur le glissement entre les rôles

This essay is part of a wider research project aiming to define the components of the élite in power during the first ?Abbāsid period. Our present purpose is to verify if, and to what extent, the sliding among different public roles must be related with the “arbitraire” of the caliph or rather if it would be reasonable to discern in it some automatisms, some unregulated, although already applied paths. For this purpose, we carried out a survey of the figures who had offices in the administration of the ?Abbāsid state during the second half of the 2nd/8th century, i.e. the Barmakids and those who evolved with them on the political scene. In the initial stage, we confined our survey to the figures appearing in the Kitāb al-wuzarā’ wa'l-kuttāb by al-Jahshiyārī (d. 331/942), that is, with al-?ūlī's one, the most ancient collection of akhbār devoted to the vizirs. We actually think that this work has a historical as well as a symbolic significance. In our opinion the fact of having been produced inside the official milieu of the 4th/10th century increases its value as a source for the social history of the first ?Abbāsid period. Facing the problem of the sliding among different public roles, we tried to fix some criteria for the statistical analysis of this phenomenon, as well as to deduce how this could be used for the study of the social components of the ?Abbāsid élite.     

谈汽车防疲劳驾驶技术

文章从汽车防疲劳驾驶技术的研究现状背景出发,重点介绍了当前汽车防疲劳驾驶技术的方法和手段,分析了各种驾驶员疲劳监测技术存在的不足以及当前研究工作存在的问题,并提出了今后该技术的发展方向,为后期的研究工作打下良好基础。     

河南省体育彩票可持续发展的对策

运用文献、调查、统计、理论分析等方法，回顾了河南省体育彩票的发行历程，对河南省体育彩票的发行现状和对河南省体育事业厦社会公益事业的贡献进行了分析，指出了河南省体育彩票发行中存在的问题，并提出了河南省体育彩票可持续发展的对策与建议。