Medical interventions in the management of hamstring muscle injury

Abstract

Acute muscle belly injuries to the semitendinosus, semimembranosus and biceps femoris (the ‘hamstring’ muscles) remain a common problem in the sporting population. Physiotherapy-led rehabilitation remains the mainstay of treatment, and the physician's input is often minimal. Anecdotally, many different topical, oral and injectable therapies are used around the world in an effort to accelerate the healing of these injuries and to prevent their recurrence. This article reviews the evidence available to support some of the most commonly used medical therapies and the pathophysiological basis for their use. It also presents the evidence behind some of the more promising future treatments for muscle injury, including stem cell therapy, growth factor delivery and potential novel uses of current medication not traditionally used in the musculoskeletal setting.     

论搏击运动中常见创伤的发生原因及预防方法

由于搏击运动中的激烈对抗性 ,使其成为创伤发生率最高的体育项目之一。笔者在体育院校工作多年 ,经过对搏击运动中伤害事故的分析研究后认为 :搏击运动中致伤原因是多方面的 ,有教师、教练的原因 ;也有参训、参赛人员自身的原因 ;还有场地器材等方面的原因。针对致伤原因 ,笔者试图寻找一些预防搏击训练、比赛中致伤的积极有效的方法。     

对浙江省中学体操教学现状的调查与分析

运用问卷调查法和座谈法 ,对浙江省中学体操教学现状进行了调查与分析。结果表明 :目前浙江省中学对体操教学重视程度有明显下降趋势 ,存在着场地、器材、设施和体育经费严重不足 (除重点中学外 ) ,不能按照省编教学大纲和计划执行 ,体操教学内容得不到保证 ,体操教学中伤害事故较多等问题。针对当前的现状和体操教学的前景 ,提出了重视和加强体操教学的意见和建议 ,旨在引起有关职能部门和学校的重视。     

艺术体操运动员脊柱腰段损伤分析

通过对我国艺术体操运动员脊柱腰段损伤现状的调查，分析探讨了艺术体操运动员脊柱腰段损伤的某些特征及致因，以期为艺术体操科学化训练提供依据。     

新乡市高校体育专业学生运动损伤现状调查与对策研究

此文采用文献资料、问卷调查、数理统计等方法,对新乡市高校体育专业学生运动损伤的场合、损伤的类型、不同项目运动损伤情况以及原因等进行了调查。结果发现,高校体育专业学生运动损伤较为普遍,希望引起足够重视。     

Student injuries in the dissecting room

Cadaver dissection is the first opportunity for many students to practice handling human tissue and is their first exposure to the occupational hazards involved with this task. Few studies examine dissection room injuries to ascertain the dangers associated with dissecting. We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of dissection room injuries from four student cohorts over an eleven‐year period (2001–2011), including second‐year medical students, third‐year medical students, second‐year dental students, and third‐year science students. Injury data included activity causing injury, object responsible, and injury site. A total of 163 injuries during 70,039 hours of dissection were recorded, with 66 in third‐year medical students, 42 in second‐year medical students, 36 in third‐year science students, and 16 in second‐year dental students. The overall rate was 2.87 injuries per 1,000 dissection hours, with second‐year medical students most frequently injured (5.5 injuries per 1,000 hours); third‐year medical students were least frequently injured (1.3 injuries per 1,000 hours). A significant difference in injury rates between student groups indicated a higher than expected injury rate to second‐year medical students and lower than expected rates to third‐year medical students. Injury rates increased for most groups between 2001–2006 and 2007–2011 periods. Most injuries (79%) were from scalpel cuts to the finger or thumb. This study provides injury rates for dissection room injuries to students, indicating differences in injury frequency between cohorts and an increase in injury rate over time. As scalpel cuts were the most likely injury mechanism, targeting scalpel handling with preventative strategies may reduce future injury risk. Anat Sci Educ 6: 404–409. © 2013 American Association of Anatomists.     

云南省高校体育公共课中体育伤害事故发生与预防

围绕公共体育课中体育伤害事故这一影响高校体育运动开展的难题,文章以云南省4所高校2000名学生、多年从事体育公共课教学的教师40人为研究对象,分别采取不同调查问卷对其进行体育公共课教学过程中体育伤害事故调查.问卷分析发现云南省高校体育公共课中体育伤害事故发生比例较高,其中发生一次伤害事故占调查总人数的17.4%;体育伤害事故类型主要为皮肤擦伤或裂伤、肌肉拉伤、韧带损伤以及骨折四类;受伤项目以田径、篮球、足球为主;学生掌握一定的急救知识,但对运动伤害事故处理能力有限.针对高校公共体育教学特点,根据调查中反映的问题,分别从学校、教师两个方面提出相应的预防措施,尽可能控制体育公共课中体育伤害事故的发生.     

Impact absorption of tennis shoe-surface combinations

The aim of this study was to investigate, for typical shoes and surfaces used in tennis, the relative role of the shoe and surface in providing cushioning during running. Five test surfaces ranging from concrete to artificial turf were selected, together with two shoe models. Impact absorbing ability was assessed mechanically using drop test procedures and biomechanically using peak magnitude and rate of loading of impact force and peak in-shoe pressure data at the lateral heel. Differences in biomechanical variables between shoe-surface combinations were identified using a two-way ANOVA (p < 0.05). Mechanical test results were found to rank the surfaces in the same order regardless of the shoe model, suggesting that the surface is influential in providing cushioning. However, for all mechanical and biomechanical (p < 0.05) variables representing impact absorbing ability, it was found that the difference between shoes was markedly greater than the differences between surfaces. The peak heel pressure data were found to rank the surfaces in the same order as the mechanical tests, while impact force data were not as sensitive to the changes in surface. Correlations between mechanical and biomechanical impact absorption highlighted the importance of testing the shoe-surface combination in mechanical tests, rather than the surface alone. In conclusion, mechanical testing of the shoe-surface combination was found to provide a strong predictor of the impact absorbing ability during running if pressure data were used. In addition, for typical shoe-surface combinations in tennis, the shoe was found to have more potential than the surface to influence impact loading during running. Finally, in-shoe pressure data were found to be more sensitive than force plate data to changes in material cushioning.     

国产气垫夹板治疗踝关节损伤的临床观察

运用国产气垫夹板对37例急性踝关节损伤进行了治疗效果的观察和分析。结果证实:国产气垫夹板对踝关节扭伤后所致的韧带损伤和稳定性骨折均有明显的治疗作用;踝关节气垫夹板固定时间相对较短,韧带拉伤平均18天,稳定性骨折平均31天;国产气垫夹板限制踝关节内翻和外翻,但不影响踝关节的背伸和跖屈运动,患者可进行早期关节活动。     

赛艇运动员的创伤流行病学研究

本文对6支赛艇队154名运动员进行了创伤调查,结果表明,创伤患病率为55．20％,慢性损伤占70．27％,其中腰孤肌慢性损伤居首位,其次为膑骨软骨病、膑腹腱围炎和肩袖损伤。致伤情况主要为专项训练时致伤,占患病率60．35％,多为慢性损伤长期积累造成。认为今后应针对专项训练特点,加强科学训练。