当前国内工程管理存在的问题及对策

当前我国工程管理存在的主要问题有:一是对项目的目标定位、具体责任人不明确;二是对设计阶段的投资控制和风险管理认识不足,质量保证体系不健全;三是重技术因素,轻管理因素等。解决这些问题的对策是:一是建立全过程、全方位的工程管理和监督体系,重视前期工作;二是采用计算机辅助手段,对工程项目实行动态控制;三是强化合同管理,通过组织手段、管理手段、经济手段、技术手段实现工程项目总目标。     

匪患冲击下的民间宗教重建——十一联保的启发

本文的研究对象是民间大众宗教,将民间宗教的某一核心问题,如象征一体性与多样性的矛盾,放到匪患的背景来研究。十一联保个案围绕火神庙、胡大仙庙的崛起,说明了乡村现代御匪武装牵动的一系列”物竞天择,优胜劣汰“的技术和精神的革新。仪典的变革不仅延伸着体制、关系的改造,而且是宗教理性的刷新,是由前现代文明的神秘自然进入民族国家的启蒙阶段。     

供应链系统中的应急策略与模型

文章分析了供应链系统中风险的类型，供应链系统应对风险的过程，提出了构建以“弹性策略”和“鲁曹性策略”为核心的供应链系统应急策略体系，建立了包括供应链风险可能造成危害的强度、风险发生的概率、采用供应链系统应急策略可能带来的收益与成本的供应链系统应急策略模型。     

基于风险规避下的我国养老保险基金投资组合模式的构造

本文以风险规避为切入点，从投资风险与收益相结合的角度对我国养老保险基金的投资组合进行了理论上的分析，得出了养老保险基金投资风险一收益的几何模型，在此基础上针对养老保险基金投资风险厌恶的特殊性，对该几何模型的量化分析进行了分析与讨论，确定了养老保险基金投资的最优证券组合的轨迹与投资方案选择。     

Child maltreatment as a function of cumulative family risk: Findings from the intensive family preservation program

This study examined child maltreatment as a function of cumulative family risk in a sample of at-risk families (N = 837) who were referred to an intensive family preservation program because of child behavior problems or suspected child abuse and neglect. The goal of this intensive family preservation program is to improve parenting skills and reduce immediate family stressors that may lead to an increased risk of child abuse and neglect. The findings indicate that the most prominent family risks comprising the cumulative risk scale in our sample were socio-economic disadvantage (e.g., income, unemployment, housing instability) and parental characteristics (e.g., mental/physical health, parental use of alcohol, domestic violence). Further, the results demonstrated a strong quadratic trend in the relationship between cumulative family risk and child maltreatment, and identified a risk threshold effect at three cumulative family risks after which the child risk for maltreatment increased exponentially. These findings are interpreted in the light of the current research on differentiative interventions, supporting differentiated services to the families with low vs. higher risk for child maltreatment.     

Outcomes related to adverse childhood experiences in college students: Comparing latent class analysis and cumulative risk

The aims of this study were to identify latent classes of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in a large sample of college students (N = 8997), investigate the relations between ACEs classes and life functioning, and compare results using latent class analysis to analyses using cumulative risk scores. Nine types of ACEs were assessed (three types of child abuse and six types of household dysfunction). Outcomes were self-report measures of mental health, physical health, alcohol consequences, and academic performance. Latent class analysis (LCA) results indicated that four classes fit the data best across random halves of the sample and were labeled High ACEs, Moderate Risk of Non-Violent Household Dysfunction, Emotional and Physical Child Abuse, and Low ACEs. Comparing across latent classes, the largest differences in outcomes were between the High ACEs and Low ACEs classes. There were no differences in outcomes between the Moderate Risk of Non-Violent Household Dysfunction and Emotional and Physical Child Abuse classes. The largest between-class differences were found for mental health and the smallest differences were found for academic performance. Comparing results using LCA latent classes and cumulative ACEs scores, the differences between the High and Low ACEs latent classes were similar to the differences between those with zero ACEs and those with 5 or more ACEs. Both approaches also accounted for roughly equivalent amounts of variance in all outcomes. Thus, latent class and cumulative risk analyses provided similar results with regard to predicting outcomes of interest among college students.     

Patterns of adversity and pathways to health among White,Black, and Latinx youth

Research has demonstrated the negative impact of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) on long-term trajectories of mental and physical health. Yet existing literature on this topic is limited in its understanding of outcomes among youth samples, optimal measurement items and methods, and differences in adverse experiences across race/ethnicity. The current study used a person-centered approach to measure ACEs and their impact on youth health outcomes across three different racial/ethnic groups from a large national database. Patterns of exposure to adverse experiences among Black, Latinx, and White youth (N = 30,668, ages 12–17) were determined empirically using latent class analysis (LCA). Significant differences in class membership by demographic indicators (age, household income, sex) and concurrent health outcomes were identified. Different models emerged for Black (2 classes), Latinx (3 classes), and White youth (3 classes). Older and lower-income youth were more likely to have experienced adversities, but there were no differences in adversity likelihood by sex. Additionally, racial/ethnic minority youth were at greater risk of experiencing higher levels of adversity, poverty, and poor health when compared to their White counterparts. Rather than occuring in meaningful clusters, adverse experiences among youth reflected a cumulative risk model such that classes were defined by the overall intensity of adverse experiences (i.e., low, moderate, high). Findings provide greater knowledge regarding the relationship between ACEs and health and future research directions to inform more targeted and culturally-appropriate screening, prevention, and intervention programs.     

施工企业财会税收的思考及实践探析

在经济大发展的背景下,税收风险管理已成为施工企业管理的一个重要问题,施工企业要最大限度的减少税务成本,税收计划要按照税收制度的节约性、稳健性、合法性、财务利益最大化的原则进行。     

基于风险理论的小学语文教学实践研究

风险是一种未来可能带来损失的不确定性。本文将风险理论运用于小学语文教学,从小学语文教学风险的内涵,小学语文教学中风险发生的基本情况、成因、类型及其应对等方面进行阐述。     

乡土建筑遗产面临风险与保护困境

乡土建筑遗产是一种重要的文化载体。目前，其生存面临着巨大的风险，无论是来自外部环境的影响，还是来源于自身的衰退，其生存土壤与生存空间正在日益萎缩并消失。就其保护而言，也受困于文化保存与生存环境改变对立的矛盾。分别就乡土建筑遗产所面临风险与其保护所处的困境进行了探讨与分析，为乡土建筑遗产保护工作的进一步开展打下基础。