困境与突破:商事审判中司法鉴定存在的问题及对策

商事审判中,以鉴定结论为代表的"科学证据"在诉讼中的地位日渐突出,许多类型案件的解决需要通过鉴定来认定事实,鉴定对法官证据采信和事实认定的影响也日益明显。熟知法律的法官却未必精通其他领域的专业性知识,司法鉴定工作一方面日益成为人民法院审判工作不可缺少的辅助手段,为法官认定事实、裁决纠纷提供了有效的协助;另一方面由于我国有关司法鉴定的立法相对滞后、对鉴定机构的监管缺失、鉴定机构良莠不齐等方面因素的影响,使得法院对外委托司法鉴定工作开展不尽如人意,司法鉴定工作中存在的问题也暴露得越来越明显,本文将以笔者所在的法院在商事审判中司法鉴定工作所遇到的问题进行分析和解构,以期为缩短审理期限,提高鉴定效率助力。     

基于熵值分析模型的高职院校困难学生的认定

困难学生的认定是国家、各高校实施学生资助政策的基础性工作,是涉及高等教育最基本公平正义的大事。文章首先选取五项反映高职院校学生基本经济状况的关键因素作为困难学生认定的评价指标;然后运用主观赋权法确定各评价组的权重,运用熵值法获得各评价组的综合评价矩阵：最后运用矩阵乘积运算,得到困难学生认定的综合评价向量,从而建立基于熵值分析模型的高职院校困难学生认定的方案。     

The Performance of Eyewitnesses with Intellectual Disabilities on Photographic Identification Line-ups

Despite the large number of people with intellectual disabilities (ID) and the fact they are more likely to be victims and witnesses of crime, only two published studies have investigated their performance on identification line-up parades. In the present study we examined the identification performance of adults with and without ID on both a perpetrator-present and a perpetrator-absent photographic line-up. In addition, we investigated factors that could explain any potential difficulties with identification performance, such as face recognition performance (as measured by a standardised test), eyewitness confidence, understanding of the purpose of a line-up, and memory for non-biased line-up instructions. In comparison with typical adults, participants with ID demonstrated poorer performance across both perpetrator-present and perpetrator-absent photographic line-ups, yet were more confident in the accuracy of their responses. In addition they had poorer face recognition performance, were less likely to understand the purpose of the line-up, and were less likely to remember the non-biased line-up instructions. This pattern of difficulties is discussed in relation to the development of future research and interventions.     

Editor's note

This article provides a didactic example and application of new developments in structural equation modeling (SEM) that allow for the modeling of multilevel data. Such data often arise naturally from organizational structures in which within‐group units (employees, students, etc.) are observed in larger between‐group units (firms, schools, etc.) The article begins with an overview of the basic ideas of SEM and multilevel linear regression. The synthesis of both methods developed by Muthéin (1994) is then presented in the simple case of a multilevel path analysis model, in which the variations in within‐group level intercepts are modeled as a function of between‐group variables following their own path model. An application motivated by a real problem in the field of education that focuses on validating indicators of the quality of science education in the United States follows. The results show that it is possible to statistically capture the salient complexities of organizations through the application of multilevel SEM. The article concludes with a discussion of the utility of multilevel SEM for organizational studies.     

强化实践教学提升高职机制专业学生职业能力

高职教育的实践教学应以提升学生职业能力为主.要提升高职机制专业学生的职业能力应该强化实践教学,而课程改革是强化实践教学的前提,为此,在以提升学生职业能力为核心的课程改革过程中,应以职业岗位为中心构建实践教学体系,以职业技能鉴定为桥梁制订实践教学方案,以技能大赛为平台制订实践教学标准,同时注重实训基地建设.     

基于模糊AHP模型的产业集群内部风险识别及其定量测度研究

基于问题的模糊不确定性,运用模糊AHP模型时产业集群内部风险进行识别和定量测度,并以某一具体产业集群为例,以说明该模型的有效性、可靠性和实用性为企业和政府进行产业决策提供一种新思路和新方法.     

基于Curvelet与2DPCA的嵌入式人脸识别

针对小波变换在嵌入式人脸识别中的不足,提出了Curvelet(曲波)变换结合2DPCA(二维主分量分析)的嵌入式人脸识别.采用Curvelet变换进行人脸图像特征的提取,经过比较,选取了Wrapping算法,然后利用2DPCA进行降维,并结合最近邻算法进行人脸识别.实验结果表明该方法很好得解决了人脸特征维数过高、数据量...     

基于心音信号的身份识别方法

提出了一种基于心音信号谱分析的生物识别方法.首先对心音信号进行消噪预处理,然后利用最大熵谱方法提取出心音信号的谱系数特征,采用欧式距离作为匹配算法完成身份识别.实践证明该方法是提取心音信号唯一性特征的有效方法.     

青春期学生“中性化”倾向的原因及辅导方法

目前校园中学生＂中性化＂现象日益明显,本文从性别意识、流行文化的影响及家庭环境三个方面分析其原因,旨在指导教育工作者及家长根据不同的情况对处在青春期阶段的学生进行指导,帮助学生健康成长。     

中西古代雕塑家身份认同迥异原因探究

古代社会,中西方雕塑家在身份认同上存在着巨大差别,原因是传统文化、政治制度、城市的功能和布局等因素不同。