中国全民健身运动的发展与展望

全民健身是我国政府的一项基本国策,它关系到增强全国人民的体质,意义重大而深远。从全民健身运动发展的背景与特点,中国全民健身运动计划的目标与发展进行了充分的论述。     

念动教学法在体育教学中的应用研究

本文就念动教学中如何使学生根据直观形象的动作表象和教师精炼的讲解,得以先想后练、边想边练、想练结合等作了具体教学实验。其结果表明,念动教学法可以达到缩短教学时间,提高教学效果和运动成绩的目的。     

Is movement variability important for sports biomechanists?

This paper overviews the importance for sports biomechanics of movement variability, which has been studied for some time by cognitive and ecological motor skills specialists but, until quite recently, had somewhat been overlooked by sports biomechanists. The paper considers biomechanics research reporting inter- and intra-individual movement variability in javelin and discus throwing, basketball shooting, and locomotion. The overview does not claim to be comprehensive and we exclude such issues as the theoretical background to movement and coordination variability and their measurement. We overview evidence, both theoretical and empirical, of inter-individual movement variability in seeking to achieve the same task goal, in contrast to the concept of “optimal” movement patterns. Furthermore, even elite athletes cannot reproduce identical movement patterns after many years of training, contradicting the ideas of motor invariance and “representative” trials. We contend that movement variability, far from being solely due to neuromuscular system or measurement “noise” – as sports biomechanists may have previously supposed – is, or could be, functional. Such functionality could allow environmental adaptations, reduce injury risk, and facilitate changes in coordination patterns. We conclude by recommending that sports biomechanists should focus more of their research on movement variability and on important related topics, such as control and coordination of movement, and implications for practice and skill learning.     

水泥回转窑诊断专家系统的设计与实现

本文介绍了一种基于模糊控制的水泥回转窑实时诊断专家系统的设计和实现方法。针对回转窑生产过程参数滞后大、非线性及时变性严重的状况,利用对水泥窑炉燃烧的关键参数点的采集,并通过专家系统分析、判断、处理,能及时准确的提示操作员窑炉出现异常状况的部位、原因,并能提示操作员应采取的措施。该系统已在国内某水泥回转窑企业成功运行。     

略论近代印度早期的资产阶级改良运动

本探讨了印度民族资产阶级知识分子代表了正在诞生的印度民族资产阶级的利益和愿望，采取改良的方式，对殖民主义进行揭露和斗争，促进了印度民族解放运动的发展。     

对北京成功申办2008年奥运会的因素分析

通过对现代奥林匹克运动的分析和中国传统文化思想精髓与奥林匹克人文精神之契合的探讨,揭示了中国承办奥运会的深远意义.在此基础上,指出北京2008年奥运会的成功举办将推动北京以及全国的经济和文化建设,树立中国在国际上的新形象,借奥运之契机以中国为代表的东方文化必将在21世纪重新崛起.     

伦敦奥运会男子单杠比赛给我们的若干启示

通过对伦敦奥运会上男子单杠决赛的相关数据统计分析,并将与北京奥运会相关数据加以对照比较,认为当今世界单杠动作难度发展迅速,空翻飞行动作惊险刺激,动作类型呈多元化结构。尽管我国运动员在动作难度方面与世界优秀运动员相比存在明显差距,但在动作连接上有自身特点与优势。给予启示是：大力发展动作难度;坚持自有特点与优势;狠抓动作质量等。     

多球训练法在初级网球训练中的应用研究

运用文献资料、实验和数理统计等研究方法,对少年儿童网球初级阶段多球训练法中"一球一击"和"单球"两种不同的训练手段进行了研究。     

Movement and stretching imagery during flexibility training

Abstract

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of movement and stretching imagery on increases in flexibility. Thirty volunteers took part in a 4 week flexibility training programme. They were randomly assigned to one of three groups: (1) movement imagery, where participants imagined moving the limb they were stretching; (2) stretching imagery, where participants imagined the physiological processes involved in stretching the muscle; and (3) control, where participants did not engage in mental imagery. Active and passive range of motion around the hip was assessed before and after the programme. Participants provided specific ratings of vividness and comfort throughout the programme. Results showed significant increases in flexibility over time, but no differences between the three groups. A significant relationship was found, however, between improved flexibility and vividness ratings in the movement imagery group. Furthermore, both imagery groups scored significantly higher than the control group on levels of comfort, with the movement imagery group also scoring significantly higher than the stretching imagery group. We conclude that the imagery had stronger psychological than physiological effects, but that there is potential for enhancing physiological effects by maximizing imagery vividness, particularly for movement imagery.