当代高低杠成套动作编排发展态势的研究

摘要：里约奥运周期高低杠成套动作的编排与伦敦奥运周期相比发生了较大变化,要保持我国的高低杠优势,编出符合国际潮流和有竞争力的高低杠成套动作,就必须了解当代国际高低杠成套动作编排的发展态势。本文通过技术统计、录像观察、比较分析等研究方法,分别选取伦敦和里约两个奥运周期中（2010年—2014年）的4届世锦赛和1届奥运会体操比赛的40套高低杠决赛动作为观察统计对象,对两个奥运周期成套动作的上法、下法、换杠动作、杠中动作、连接加分以及成套动作的数量进行了全面、深入的对比分析,得出当代高低杠成套动作编排的发展态势是：上法以A组低难度为主;换杠动作加难、加长,连续飞行换杠将成为潮流;杠中动作数量有所减少,成套动作的编排趋向于高难动作直接相连,成套动作数量将趋于减少;下法将朝着“旋空翻”的方向发展。     

下肢离心练习对提高女排运动员移动速度作用的实验研究

摘要：旨在探讨下肢离心负荷练习对排球运动员移动制动的影响,在现有发展运动员下肢力量常用手段的基础上,加入了离心训练手段,来提高排球运动员移动制动的效果。研究主要采用实验法,对28名高水平排球运动员（10名国家级健将和18名国家一级运动员）进行对照组与实验组研究,进行为期8周的下肢离心力量训练和传统下肢力量训练,并进行对比分析。研究结果表明,实验组和对照组下肢离心力量指标有差异。实验组下肢离心力量指标、专项移动速度的提高均显著优于对照组,具体结论如下:下肢离心力量训练与传统下肢力量训练均能改善下肢肌肉的最大离心力量。下肢离心力量训练对移动制动能力的改善效果显著优于进行传统力量训练。     

东盟区域龙狮运动国际传播的伦理困境

东盟区域龙狮运动传播过程中伦理困境的解决是促进龙狮运动在国际上传播的重要影响因素。面对传播者的行为瓶颈问题,应从提高传播者的道德意识做起;面对传播媒介沦陷的问题,应注意龙狮运动传播媒介作用的正确发挥;面对中西方文化差异问题,应促进各国文化的融合;面对受众对龙狮运动的误解,应扩大对龙狮运动的正面宣传。深入解决龙狮运动传播的伦理困境,加快龙狮文化的国际传播脚步。     

试论信息生命周期中的价值运动

信息价值即信息客体与人类主观欲望需求的作用与关系,依据其作用领域与表现形式分为多个层次,从而表现出复杂的运动规律。文章从劳动价值论角度分析了信息作为劳动产品与信息商品所具有的劳动价值与使用价值二重性,进而结合信息生命周期中价值运动的价值形成、价值转化与迁移、价值实现3个阶段,阐述了信息价值在信息生命周期中的多种运动形态,从而揭示了信息生命周期中信息流动、迁移与利用背后复杂的客观价值运动规律。     

关于体育手段的讨论

对我国体育手段的概念进行了分析与探讨。研究认为，传统的体育手段定义混淆了与体育之间的区别，以致出现了以体育手段代替体育的问题。广义体育的核心手段是为实现体育目的的身体运动。体育运动技术则是身体运动的高级形式。体育教学、体育锻炼、体育运动训练、体育游戏和体育竞赛不仅是实现我国体育目的的基本途径，还是体育的基本手段。     

第28届奥运会女子体操单项决赛难度动作分析与研究

以参加第28届雅典奥运会女子体操单项决赛的选手为对象,对当前世界女子体操单项比赛的难度动作及其连接进行了系统的分析和研究,指出：踺子类及踺子转体类动作是女子跳马项目的主要发展方向;高难度动作是以高质量完成为基础的;超难度动作的连接更加多样化;向前类及旋空翻动作是女子技巧动作发展的主流动作.     

小鼠力竭运动后GSH变化及MDA、ATP与肌肉机能恢复关系的研究

小鼠经 1 0天灌喂中药合剂后 ,安静时小鼠肌 MDA值明显降低 ,GSH值升高。力竭运动后 GSH、ATP、MDA值的恢复明显加快 ,其中 GSH值的加快提示 ,在恢复期内 GSH的变化可能对肌肉机能的恢复有重要意义。     

The load-velocity profile differs more between men and women than between individuals with different strength levels

This study aimed to determine the suitability of the load-velocity relationship to prescribe the relative load (%1RM) in women, as well as to compare the load-velocity profile between sexes and participants with different strength levels. The load-velocity relationship of 14 men (1RM: 1.17 ± 0.19) and 14 women (1RM: 0.66 ± 0.13) were evaluated in the bench press exercise. The main findings revealed that: (I) the load-velocity relationship was always strong and linear (R² range: 0.987–0.993), (II) a steeper load-velocity profile was observed in men compared to women (Effect size [ES]: 1.09), with men showing higher velocities for light loads (ES: ? 0.81 and ? 0.40 for the y-intercept and 30%1RM, respectively), but women reporting higher velocities for the heavy loads (ES: 1.14 and 1.50 at 90%1RM and 100%1RM, respectively); and (III) while the slope of the load-velocity profile was moderately steeper for weak men compared to their strong counterpart (ES: 1.02), small differences were observed between strong and weak women (ES: ? 0.39). While these results support the use of the individual load-velocity relationship to prescribe the %1RM in the bench press exercise for women, they also highlight the large disparities in their load-velocity profile compared to men.     

The application of inertial measurement units and functional principal component analysis to evaluate movement in the forward 3½ pike somersault springboard dive

Based on technological and analytical advances, the capability to more accurately and finitely examine biomechanical and skill characteristics of movement has improved. The purpose of this study was to use Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) and Functional Principal Components Analysis (fPCA) to examine the role of movement variability (assessed via angular velocity), on 2 divers (1 international level; 1 national) performing the forward 3½ pike somersault dive. Analysis of angular velocity curves during ive-flight identified 5 fPCs, accounting for 96.5% of movement variability. The national diver’s scatter plots and standard deviation of fPC scores illustrated larger magnitudes of angular velocity variability across dive flight. For fPC1 and fPC3, magnitudes of SD variability were 282.6 and 201.5, respectively. The international diver illustrated more consistent angular velocity profiles, with clustering of fPCs scores (e.g., fPC1 & 3 = SD’s of 75.2 & 68.0). To account for lower variability in the international diver, the ability to better coordinate movement sequences and functionally utilise feedback in response to initiation of the somersault position is highlighted. Overall, findings highlight how both IMUs and fPCA can more holistically and finitely examine the biomechanical and skill characteristics of movement sequences with the capability to inform athlete development.     

Swedish PE teachers’ understandings of legitimate movement in a criterion-referenced grading system

Background: Physical Education (PE) has been associated with a multi-activity model in which movement is related to sport discourses and sport techniques. However, as in many international contexts, the Swedish national PE syllabus calls for a wider and more inclusive concept of movement. Complex movement adapted to different settings is valued, and in the national grading criteria qualitative measures of movement are used. This research seeks to examine how the wider concept of movement is interpreted and graded. Drawing on Bernstein’s concept of the pedagogic device, the paper explores teachers’ roles as active mediators in the transformation of national grading criteria for movement and the kinds of movement that are valued in teachers’ grading practices. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate what PE teachers consider legitimate movement in a criterion-referenced grading system and the factors that influence their grading practice. The Repertory Grid (RG) technique was employed in order to access their tacit knowledge. Methodology: Seven Swedish PE teachers were interviewed, all of whom teach and grade years seven to nine in different compulsory schools. Using the RG technique, the teachers were asked to reflect on the aspects they considered important for achieving a high grade. The national grading criteria for years seven to nine were then presented one at a time and the teachers were asked to describe how they assessed and graded each requirement. The teachers were also asked whether any specific factors had influenced their grading. In the content analysis, the second part of the interview was attended to first and the results were interpreted in light of Bernsteins’ concept of the pedagogic device. Findings: Sport techniques and competitive sports influenced the teachers’ interpretations of what constitutes complex movement. The aspect of fitness also appeared to be valued by the teachers in that it facilitates the valued movement. In some cases the difficulty of describing movement qualities in words could reduce the concept of movement to something measurable and quantifiable. The teachers’ concerns about students’ unequal opportunities to develop and demonstrate their skills also influenced the teachers’ interpretation of complex movement. Conclusions: In the transformation of national grading criteria to grading practice, the pedagogic actions taken inform and limit the way in which legitimate movement in PE is conceptualised. Adopting a concept of movement that is wider than competitive sports allows the structures of inequality to be addressed and enables the movements performed by students with other moving experiences than competitive sports to be valued. The tension between the demands of transparency in a high stakes grading system and the inability to articulate the quality of complex movements is problematic. There is a need to verbalise teachers’ conceptions about physical education knowledge to be able to discuss and develop the concept of movement. In this process, the RG technique is a potentially useful tool. Having the language to discuss movement qualities also enables us to strengthen the interrelation between curriculum, pedagogy and assessment.