关于高校“生评教”误差的探讨

学生评教是我国高校普遍采用的一种教学评价制度,本文阐述了学生评教误差的几个主要典型的类型,并针对这些误差提出了相应的建议。     

科学知识观与教师创新能力养成——社会建构论视野中的科学知识性质解析及启示

在众多教师的观念中,科学知识是具有“客观性”、“价值中立性”、“普遍正确性”等特性的,由此造成教师创新意识淡薄,教师教育研究相对滞后,教师缺乏对知识及课程的反思、批判、追问与探究,致使教师不能清醒、深刻地认识到“科学霸权”、“知识霸权”的存在。从社会建构论的视野来看,科学知识是社会建构的,是具有“社会性”、“价值性”、“境域性”等特性的。清醒、深刻地认识到这一点,对于更新教师的科学知识观、使教师养成创新意识及能力,深化教师教育研究等,具有十分重要的理论与现实意义。     

影响武夷学建设的心理障蔽探析

从社会心理学的角度分析，影响武夷学建设的心理障蔽主要有：(1)欠发达的经济影响下的自卑心理，(2)“阳春白雪”与“下里巴人”的成见，(3)“门第观念”的认识局限，(4)学术敏感与治学惯性之间的矛盾心理，(5)教学范围与学科壁垒等因素制约下的排他心理。但是，只要充分整合资源，团结协作，多出优秀成果，充分挖掘和揭示武夷学的学科内涵及其价值，利用组建武夷学院的有利时机，提高对创建武夷学意义的认识；加强舆论宣传力度，扩大影响，就有可能突破障蔽。     

孙膑对孙子兵学的贡献

孙膑是继孙子后战国时期的著名军事家,有兵书《孙膑兵法》传世。《孙子兵法》所反映的战争理论带有明显的战国色彩,孙膑是孙武兵学的宗室传人。同时,孙膑又是一名杰出的战将,在历史上留下了诸多运用兵法的典型战例,在丰富作战经历基础上总结而成的《孙膑兵法》,在战争观问题、战略战术问题、治军建军问题上都对孙子兵法有所继承和发展,孙膑对于孙子兵法的丰富和发展有着显著的贡献。     

科学哲学对科学教育理论建构的价值

探讨科学哲学与科学教育理论构建的关系,提出应重视科学哲学的理论观念、思想方法对科学教育理论革新发展的价值,并把科学哲学的一些原则、方法引入到科学教育理论的建构之中.     

“科技以人为本“的广告品牌理念

科技使商品获得利润,但科技的出发点应该是为人服务.社会文明的演进,表现为人的质量的提高.因此,社会的整个运行与发展,应当始终围绕人来展开.“科技以人为本“的人文精神体现了品牌重视人、服务人的价值尺度,体现了商业品牌发展科技必须以人的利益为核心的基本原则.其表现为品牌通过科技的发展不断满足消费者需求, 为消费者创造价值体验,维护生命权,忠诚于消费者,以及从消费者角度出发进行广告传播.     

美国高等教育招生制度对我国高招制度改革的启示

美国作为高等教育最发达和最早实现高等教育大众化的国家，在高校招生考试制度如何适应高等教育大众化方面有许多经验可资我们借鉴。当前，我国高校招生考试改革必须在功能上由“选拔”转向“选择”，在内容上应适应大众化教育的要求进一步科学化。     

Outside school time: an examination of science achievement and non-cognitive characteristics of 15-year olds in several countries

Elementary and secondary students spend more hours outside of class than in formal school and thus have more time for interaction with everyday science. However, evidence from a large international survey, Program of International Student Assessment (PISA) (OECD 2012), found a negative relationship between number of hours attending after-school science and science assessment scores in many countries, raising questions about why. The secondary analysis of the 2006, 2009, and 2012 PISA surveys found that in most Western countries the longer students attended after-school science programs (in a typical week), the lower their PISA standardized science test score, but the higher their positive attitudes toward future science careers, interest in science, and self-confidence in science. Several potential hypotheses for this relationship are examined and rejected. Further analysis of a causal relationship between frequent attendance in after-school programs and student achievement and attitudes should clearly identify the content of the program so that the analysis could distinguish experiences closely related to regular school curricula from the informal science activities that are not. A new analysis also should include carefully designed longitudinal surveys to test the effectiveness of informal experiences on later life choices in career and study.     

正确使用影响因子综合评价医学科技期刊

使用影响因子评价科技期刊存在的问题包括:以两年作为统计时限太短,统计源覆盖面有限,期刊及刊载论文的类别差异造成的不可比性,以及统计时易产生漏引、错引、自引等问题,在评价论文时容易将高影响因子期刊与高影响力论文混淆。探讨评价医学科技期刊时应从相关专业、方法学、编辑学、引文统计、独立机构的收录或评审及其他方面综合考虑。     

Key Concepts From Health Promotion Evaluations: What Psychology Needs to Know

Competing perspectives and debates about the meaning of health promotion and the best ways to evaluate the effectiveness of initiatives that focus on enhancing wellness pervade the literature. Given the emergence of health promotion, the impetus for outcomes-based practice in psychology, and the push for evidence-based care in the health system (Thorogood & Coombes, 2000), demonstrations of value and effectiveness are fundamental to the sustainability of mental health promotion activities. Psychology (and counseling as a sub-set field) needs to place itself as a profession vital to the sustainability of wellness initiatives. This paper proposes that psychologists’ awareness and understanding of six key concepts from health promotion evaluation are essential for advancing psychology as a profession and enhancing applied practice for wellness initiatives. The key concepts include: formative, process and outcome evaluations, the qualitative/quantitative debate, the ecological nature, the participatory approach, the focus on community and the underlying philosophies of empowerment and utilization. The use of key concepts from health promotion evaluation strategies support psychologists to a) deal with issues of major public health importance and b) collaborate with other disciplines for the benefit of the public (Sartorius, 1999). Finally, this paper makes recommendations to secure psychology’s place as a vital contributor to future research directions in health promotion, in part because of adherence to the scientist-practitioner model.Whilst Psychology is the generic term used here to represent the broad field, counseling as a sub-set in the discipline is particularly relevant for the ideas and issues discussed. Rather than adding the sub-set qualifier each time the broad field is referred to, the reader in this context is encouraged to hold this perspective of the place of counseling in regard to psychology as they work through the materials presented.