民国时期的公共科学馆与中学理科实验教学

科学馆在民国时期学校理科教学特别是中学理科实验教学中扮演了重要角色。民国时期公共科学馆从建议设立到零星出现再到行政推广的过程,凸显了它在中学理科实验教学中的作用及其与学校科学教育发展的关系。     

先秦《墨经》哲学的历史价值

《墨经》哲学是先秦时期科学理论的杰出代表,在《墨经》哲学中墨家体现出能够运用严格的逻辑推理,抽象概括出一些科学定义,其中蕴含着的科学理性是同时代诸子百家所不能相比的,墨家科技思想反映了中国古代科技发展具有的特点和所达到的水平。     

传统平等与人的平等——费耶阿本德哲学的科学主义与人本主义

费耶阿本德的思想既属于科学主义的流派,又包含了人本主义的倾向,他认为,科学是“伦理学”的。科学是整个社会中的一种传统,与其他的传统处于平等的地位,其他传统的存在有利于科学的进步。传统的平等是自由社会的基础,只有传统的平等才能消解专家的地位,进而达到人与人的平等。     

The cultural value of heritage: evidence from the Heritage Lottery Fund

The Heritage Lottery Fund has, over the past 13 years, given £4billion to heritage projects of all kinds. As the Fund has matured a greater emphasis has been placed on the evaluation of the social and economic outcomes of this funding. In 2004 we reported on progress with evaluation of the programmes targeted at particular types of heritage (Clark, 2004 Clark, K. 2004. Why fund heritage? The role of research in the Heritage Lottery Fund. Cultural Trends, 52: 65–85.  [Google Scholar]). The greater challenge has been to evaluate the outcomes from the Fund's generic programmes, which can fund any type of heritage and which between them account for over two-thirds of total funding. This article reviews the Fund's experience over the last 3 years in developing and implementing an evaluation system using the Public (or Cultural) Value framework. It presents some initial results from the research so far completed and reviews how far the framework has been useful in suggesting research priorities and organizing findings.     

A Geohistorical Study of ‘The Rise of Modern Science’: Mapping Scientific Practice Through Urban Networks, 1500–1900

Using data on the ‘career’ paths of one thousand ‘leading scientists’ from 1450 to 1900, what is conventionally called the ‘rise of modern science’ is mapped as a changing geography of scientific practice in urban networks. Four distinctive networks of scientific practice are identified. A primate network centred on Padua and central and northern Italy in the sixteenth century expands across the Alps to become a polycentric network in the seventeenth century, which in turn dissipates into a weak polycentric network in the eighteenth century. The nineteenth century marks a huge change of scale as a primate network centred on Berlin and dominated by German-speaking universities. These geographies are interpreted as core-producing processes in Wallerstein’s modern world-system; the rise of modern scientific practice is central to the development of structures of knowledge that relate to, but do not mirror, material changes in the system.

Racial contacts across the Pacific and the creation of minzoku in the Japanese empire

Focusing on the work of the Japanese sociologist Koyama Eizō, this paper critically explores the development of Japanese race studies from the late 1920s to the 1940s. During this period, Japanese intellectual discourses on race developed in the context of the need to manage heterogeneous populations within the Japanese empire and contain the growing mobility of populations in and outside of the territory. Reflecting Koyama’s keen interest in racial/ethnic contacts and interdisciplinary perspectives, his intellectual work symptomatically exemplifies not only the convergence of knowledge production and the dominant imperial regime but also the transpacific implications of Japanese race studies. On the one hand, my study examines Koyama’s preoccupation with racial/ethnic contacts in relation to imperial security and also traces how his study intersected with the discourse of American social scientists who were also interested in Japanese migrations. On the other hand, the study examines how the development of the idea of minzoku in Koyama’s discourse coincided with contemporaneous attempts to mobilize diverse populations in the empire. Thus, my research reveals a complex dynamic of integration and differentiation in discourse on Japanese race studies in the interwar era.     

体育科学实验研究设计10个常见问题及对策

摘要：实验法是体育科学研究常用的研究方法之一,更是体育科学研究领域探讨因果关系的核心方法。实验设计是实验研究的灵魂,是保证实验研究有效的前提和基础。基于此目的,总结了体育科学实验研究设计常见的10个问题,包括：研究设计缺乏理论依据,系列实验研究间的关联缺乏条理,实验设计类型不清晰、组间变量与组内变量混淆,单因素设计替代多因素设计,非平衡的多因素组合实验违背了实验的均衡原则,重复测量实验设计没有平衡顺序误差,缺乏有效的对照导致内部效度较低,研究样本量偏小导致实验结果的可重复性差,实验室实验忽视了实验真实性和心理真实性对生态学效度的影响,实验设计缺乏有效的统计检验。具体分析了每一个问题对实验效度的影响,进而提出了改进实验设计的对策。     

体育科学领域的问卷调查：常见问题与解决方案

摘要：对3所体育院校2014年授予学位的120篇研究生论文的分析发现,问卷调查法仍是体育学研究生使用较多的研究方法。学位论文中问卷调查法的误用主要表现为：1) 选题范围过大,研究定位于描述;2) 问题随意无依据,选项概念混乱,缺乏规律,且存在无效或不可能选项;3) 滥用重测信度和内容效度,误用同质性信度和构想效度。对研究者建议：1) 缩窄研究范围;2) 将研究整体定位于关系性研究;3) 使用等距量表法设计问卷题目,并以构想效度为核心,努力积累问卷的效度证据。     

“过程哲学”：我国传统文化与现代体育教育理念的契合

摘要：过去,我国学校体育教育评价方式是“重结果,轻过程”,不符合现代教育理念,也不利于学校体育的可持续发展。本研究以高校体育教学评价方式的改革为出发点,力图从我国传统文化和现代体育思想“过程哲学”中寻找理论依据。运用文献资料法,从过程哲学的视角,对我国传统文化与现代体育教育理念的契合进行研究。经过查阅文献发现：早在2000多年前,我国的先哲们就完整地提出了“过程哲学”,并运用到了体育领域,现代体育教育的理念也特别强调体育教育是一个“过程历练”。传统与现代契合的“过程哲学”,为我们转变学校体育的教育理念、评价方式和追求目标,提供了哲学依据。本研究得出结论：体育是运动不息的过程哲学,是完善身心的过程历练,是追求更高智慧的过程文化。为此,现代学校体育应确立过程性评价理念,注重学生身心文化的培育,重视学生终身体育习惯的培养。     

改进的集群核心能力评价体系在湖北体育 产业集群的应用研究

根据湖北体育产业战略布局和经济发展实际情况,利用改进的体育产业集群核心能力评价体系对湖北部分地区体育产业集群的建设水平进行实证分析.结果显示:以武汉为中心的体育产业集聚明显,产生一定的集群效应,优势竞争力开始形成;以鄂州、咸宁、宜昌为核心的鄂东南、鄂西地区的体育产业集群中心初步建成,而黄石、天潜仙、襄阳、恩施、黄冈等区域的体育产业还未形成联合体育经济体.为此提出,应统筹规划,发挥湖北区域产业集聚的资源优势;鼓励创新,实施体育产业集聚创新战略.旨在为湖北省体育产业集群发展提供依据.