民营图书馆的生存、问题与发展

民营图书馆在我国有着广阔的生存空间,但在其发展过程中,也存在着诸多难以克服的问题。随着公共图书馆服务体系的完善、行业标准的强化以及资金等各方面的压力,民营图书馆只有融入公共图书馆服务体系之中才是其未来发展的正确方向。     

试论"专项能力"的训练--对我国体能类项目训练中存在的主要问题的探析

"专项能力"是高水平运动员训练的主要内容.目前,在我国部分体能类项目的高水平训练阶段,专项能力的训练仍然存在许多问题.多年训练过程中"专项能力"训练的错位、重外在形式而轻内在力度的专项训练和未将"专项"作为专项训练的核心内容等问题,是造成我国部分体能类项目成绩长期停滞、徘徊,无法冲击世界先进水平的主要原因.     

高校田径短跑运动员的专项技术训练

针对目前高校田径短跑运动员的实际,论述了"技术训练"在提高运动员专项素质与专项成绩过程中的重要性及理论依据。实验结果显示,10名受试者的专项素质与专项成绩均有较大幅度的提高。     

深化体育课程改革 提高体育教学质量——安徽大学实行一、二年级专项课教学改革实践与经验总结

在总结一年级普修、二年级专项选修的教改经验基础上 ,安徽大学试行了从一年级开始就分专项选修、进行两年专项课学习的课程设置模式。通过实践证明在学生技能形成、兴趣培养、充分发挥教育资源功能等多方面取得了较好效果 ,特别对形成“健康第一”理念和实现“终身体育”目标起到了积极推动作用。     

利用平衡板测人体运动环节重量和重心位置方法的理论推导

人体运动环节重量和重心位置是运动生物力学定量计算与分析的基础材料,如何简便、迅速地计算出受试运动员的环节惯性参数一直是本学科中从未攻克过的难题。运用平衡板测人体重心的基本原理,通过让受试者在二维平衡板上移动四肢而改变环节重心位置,同时在不动环节上附加重量的方法推算出了人体总重心与各运动环节重心之间的关系,最终得出了各运动环节的重量与重心位置。这项研究是对人体环节重量与重心位置测量的突破性探索,具有深远的意义。     

我院体育教育专业体操专修课程的改革

采用调查访问及教学观察等方法,对体育教育专业体操专修课程进行改革。结果显示,通过改革,初步建立了适应社会需求的多能一专的体操专修课程体系,形成了短课时、小板块的新颖模式,收到了较好的实际效果。     

运动员早期训练的运动素质与运动技术初探

本文以我国运动员早期训练实践现状为基础,围绕运动素质与运动训练中存在的问题,提出“二者并重,全清发展,系统训练,手段多样”的素质与技术训练原则。着重阐述了早期训练中一般、专项运动素质与运动技术训练间的宏观比例和运动素质发展敏感期间素质与技术训练等问题,旨在为运动员的早期训练提供理论依据。     

Deciding to provide a 'reader' in examinations for the General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE): questions about validity and 'inclusion'

In England, Wales and Northern Ireland, the General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) was designed as an 'inclusive' qualification, access to which has been supported by providing a 'reader' to some candidates during examinations. A candidate reading age criterion of ten years has been employed by the GCSE awarding bodies to determine eligibility for this provision. In this paper, Kevin Woods, a member of the Educational Support and Inclusion Research and Teaching Group in the Faculty of Education at the University of Manchester, examines the rationale and evidence for adopting this criterion and describes an investigation of the reading needs of a cross-sectional sample of 38 GCSE examination candidates in trial examinations. The investigation found a low level of candidate need for a reader, with candidate reading age and self-prediction being unreliable indicators of this need. Kevin Woods highlights the implications for the assessment process used to determine eligibility for a reader in GCSE examinations and pays particular attention to the feasibility and validity of including all students as eligible.     

Looking back on school – the views of adult graduates of a residential special school for children with emotional and behavioural difficulties

The authors of this article, Garry Hornby and Chrystal Witte, conducted a follow-up study with adult graduates of a residential special school for children with emotional and behavioural difficulties in New Zealand. Twenty-one graduates were located and interviewed ten to 14 years after they had left the residential school. The interviews focused on various factors related to the graduates' quality of life (reported elsewhere) and on their views of their education, both at the residential school and at mainstream schools, which are reported in this paper. It was found that these adult graduates were overwhelmingly positive about the support they received while at the residential school. They talked, for example, about the help they received in addressing their learning and behavioural difficulties. However, they were consistently negative with regard to their experiences of mainstreaming. For example, respondents noted the lack of understanding that they experienced from mainstream teachers. In drawing out the implications of the findings from this study, Garry Hornby and Chrystal Witte suggest that one factor which could result in improving outcomes for these students is better special needs training for teachers in mainstream schools.     

RESEARCH SECTION: The self‐esteem of pupils in schools for pupils with social,emotional and behavioural difficulties: myth and reality

The self‐esteem of pupils has long been regarded as a key variable affecting both pupils' learning and behaviour, although the relationship between the two may not be as strong as many in education have always assumed. In this article, Jeremy Swinson, an educational psychologist and honorary lecturer in educational psychology at Liverpool John Moores University, reports the findings from a study in two parts. Firstly, an examination was made of 35 Statements written by officers from seven different education authorities in the north‐west of England for pupils attending two independent schools that specialise in working with pupils with social, emotional and behavioural difficulties (SEBD). It was found that, of the 35 Statements examined, 34 included self‐esteem as one area of special need. The second phase of the study examined the self‐esteem of 60 pupils in four specialist schools for pupils with social, emotional and behavioural difficulties. The results showed that the average scores for self‐esteem for both the primary and secondary sample were very similar to the scores obtained by previous researchers in mainstream schools. However, it was apparent that more pupils than expected appeared to have either very low or very high self‐esteem. In terms of locus of control, it was found that a large number of secondary pupils had a high score although this was not found to be the case for the primary pupils in the sample. Jeremy Swinson discusses these results and presents his analysis of their implications for teachers, educational psychologists and education officers.