髋关节肌群功能特性的定量分析研究 ———肌肉功能转换角和肌肉功能补偿概念的提出及应用

以人体尸体样本下肢肌肉附着点、关节转动中心在相应环节基准坐标系的坐标为基础，利用下肢肌肉功能模犁计算机应用分析软件，对髋关节肌群、力臂的变化规律进行分析，建立适合于活体应用的下肢肌肉功能模型，对髋关节肌群的肌肉功能参数进行定量研究。提出了肌肉功能转换角和肌肉功能补偿的概念及其在髋关节肌群肌肉功能分析中的应用。     

运动与自由基研究综述

随着自由基生物医学理论和技术向运动医学的渗透，运动与自由基研究已成为运动医学界一个重要课题。此领域的研究主要集中于：运动与自由基的形成；自由基与运动性疲劳；自由基与肌肉损伤；抗氧化剂在运动训练中的应用及机体抗氧化能力的运动性适应。章就此领域的研究进展做一简要概括。     

人体下肢肌肉功能模型参数研究简介

运用文献资料法，对人体肌肉功能模型参数的研究进行回顾，概括介绍其在运动生物力学研究中的应用。结果表明：肌肉功能模型参数是确定肌肉长度、拉力作用线和肌力臂的关键因素；在人体运动的运动学和动力学的定量分析、肌肉工作形式的确定、建立生物力学模型、定量评定肌肉功能等研究中有重要作用。     

运动员停训后心肺功能、能量代谢和骨骼肌代谢的变化

通过对短期停训引起运动员心肺功能、能量代谢及骨骼肌机能代谢等方面的变化进行分析,表明运动员停训两周即可出现其功能的显著变化,并且随着停训时间的延长,这些变化更为明显,从而影响到运动成绩。因此,要充分注意运动员在停训期各系统机能代谢的变化规律,有效地降低这些变化对运动成绩的负面影响。     

重手法按压治疗急性腰扭伤

笔者５年内共收治急性腰扭伤患者５５例，均采用重手法按压治疗，效果良好。     

益尔力口服液对运动员机能状态及运动能力影响的研究

通过实验比较研究得出：益尔力口服液有利于提高力量、速度和耐力项目运动员的肌肉力量；并对益尔力口服液方剂设计依据和方解作了详细论述。     

Genetics of muscle strength and power: Polygenic profile similarity limits skeletal muscle performance

Abstract

Environmental and genetic factors influence muscle function, resulting in large variations in phenotype between individuals. Multiple genetic variants (polygenic in nature) are thought to influence exercise-related phenotypes, yet how the relevant polymorphisms combine to influence muscular strength in individuals and populations is unclear. In this analysis, 22 genetic polymorphisms were identified in the literature that have been associated with muscular strength and power phenotypes. Using typical genotype frequencies, the probability of any given individual possessing an “optimal” polygenic profile was calculated as 0.0003% for the world population. Future identification of additional polymorphisms associated with muscular strength phenotypes would most likely reduce that probability even further. To examine the genetic potential for muscular strength within a human population, a “total genotype score” was generated for each individual within a hypothetical population of one million. The population expressed high similarity in polygenic profile with no individual differing by more than seven genotypes from a typical profile. Therefore, skeletal muscle strength potential within humans appears to be limited by polygenic profile similarity. Future research should aim to replicate more genotype–phenotype associations for muscular strength, because only five common genetic polymorphisms identified to date have positive replicated findings.     

Autonomic modulation of heart rate in paraplegic wheelchair basketball players: Linear and nonlinear analysis

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the autonomic modulation of heart rate in sedentary paraplegics and paraplegic wheelchair basketball players with thoracic spinal cord injury below T6. Seven paraplegic wheelchair basketball players (active paraplegic group), five paraplegics who were not involved in regular exercise (sedentary paraplegic group) and 10 able-bodied participants (control group) took part in the study. The heart rate variability was evaluated by linear (low frequency and high frequency band in normalised units and low frequency/high frequency ratio) and nonlinear methods (Shannon entropy, corrected conditional entropy, and symbolic analysis).

The sedentary group presented significantly higher values for low frequency, low frequency/high frequency ratio and symbolic index with no significant variations (0V%), and also lower values for the high frequency and symbolic index with two significant unlike variation (2ULV%) compared to active paraplegic group. Shannon entropy and corrected conditional entropy analyses revealed significantly lower values in the sedentary group than in the control or active paraplegic groups. Paraplegic individuals who regularly undertake physical exercise have higher complexity of R-R interval time series, lower sympathetic modulation, and higher parasympathetic modulation than sedentary paraplegic participants.     

Associations between health-related physical fitness and obesity in Taiwanese youth

Abstract

This study examined associations between four health-related physical fitness measures and obesity in Taiwanese youth aged 10–18 years. Data from 13,500 school-aged youth were randomly selected from the “School Physical Fitness Database” of Taiwan by sex and age. Variables examined were height, body mass and performance on modified sit-and-reach (flexibility), bent-leg sit-up (abdominal muscular strength/endurance), standing long jump (lower body explosive strength) and distance run/walk (cardiorespiratory endurance). Adjusted logistic regression analyses were performed. Increased odds of being obese with decreased fitness levels were observed for lower body explosive strength and cardiorespiratory endurance in both sexes. The highest odds of being obese was found in the least fit quintile of cardiorespiratory endurance compared with the most fit quintile both in boys (Odds ratio, OR = 10.44; 95% confidence interval (CI), 7.94–13.73) and girls (OR = 5.40; 95% CI, 3.90–7.47). These findings suggest that in addition to cardiorespiratory fitness, lower body explosive strength is also associated with childhood and adolescent obesity.     

补充扇贝寡肽对运动大鼠骨骼肌废用性萎缩的干预研究

目的通过组织学、免疫组化方法和Calpain活性的测试,观察扇贝寡肽对运动大鼠停训致肌萎缩后肌肉湿重、肌细胞形态、肌纤维直径、横截面积、Calpain活性、肌球蛋白表达以及肌细胞凋亡过程的影响,研究扇贝寡肽对停训后骨骼肌萎缩的干预作用.方法40只SD雄性大鼠以15m/min的速度,持续性水平跑台训练30min,运动6d/week,休息1 d/week,其后以速度递增3m/min/week,运动时间递增30min/week,在为期3周的训练后即随机抽取10只大鼠为基础对照组(A,n=10),其余大鼠为B组用于制备骨骼肌萎缩模型,3周后随机分组为补充扇贝寡肽组(B1,n=10)、补充安慰剂组(B2,n=10)、补充牛乳组(B3,n=10).实验组所有动物每天分别进行灌胃15％扇贝寡肽饮料2ml、B3组大鼠灌胃等量的牛乳,B2组大鼠灌胃等量的安慰剂.结果固定大鼠左侧后肢3周后可导致骨骼肌废用性萎缩,废用性肌萎缩的发生、发展与Calpain活性升高、水解骨骼肌收缩蛋白有关,而且,骨骼肌细胞凋亡增加在废用性肌萎缩的发生发展过程中产生重要作用.而补充扇贝寡肽可显著减低骨骼肌细胞凋亡指数,明显抑制骨骼肌Bax蛋白的表达、促进Bcl-2蛋白的表达,抑制Calpain活性,减少收缩蛋白的降解,维持肌球蛋白结构的完整,从而干预肌萎缩的进程.