The Use and Misuse of Standardized Testing: A Whiteheadian Point of View

First an overview is given about the actual national and international situation concerning standardized testing. Then two major reasons are presented why accountability systems based on standardized testing have become so widespread: (a) the missing validity and reliability of teachers’ assessment of students’ achievement, and (b) the important role standardized testing plays for out-put management in educational systems.On the basis of these considerations Alfred North Whitehead’s critical remarks on external standardized testing are presented. Whitehead’s main point is that external standardized testing limits the freedom of teachers to adapt to the complex, situation specific circumstances in order to obtain a maximum of the creative learning process for students who are conceived as specialists. Instead external testings lead to “teaching to the test.” As a consequence, the attitude of creative, adventurous exploration is undermined and substituted by simple pattern recognition, narrow visions, and even boredom. Finally, the question is raised whether there is any possibility of developing a measurement tool which on the one side meets scientific test criteria, and on the other side is still flexible enough to do justice to needs of individual schools – which according to Whitehead are the essential educational unit – and not vice versa, as it is the case at present with external standardized testing. That such a flexible approach to evaluation is possible is demonstrated by the presentation of the basic ideas of the MSS (Module Approach to Self-Evaluation of School Development Projects) which has been developed and examined in ten schools by the author and his collaborators.     

钢铁材料高抗蚀性无毒发黑处理的研究

研究一种钢铁材料高抗蚀性、无毒发黑新工艺,探讨了形成黑化膜的机理及影响黑化膜质量的主要因素,并对黑化膜的抗蚀性进行了对比试验。     

完工产品和在产品的内涵——在产品成本计算中分步法下的讨论

在不同类型的多步骤加工企业中，采用不同的分步法计算产品成本时，应正确理解完工产品和在产品的内涵。特别是在装配式多步骤加工企业中，平行结转分步法下，对两者内涵的分析尤为重要。     

运用设计步骤于服装设计教学

本文通过对国外教育文献资料的研究 ,为国内职业高校服装设计教学探索一个指导教学的理论框架。“设计”的双重涵义———过程和产品以及服装设计的三种类型在文中进行了介绍。设计步骤 ,作为本文的研究重点 ,已被尝试性运用于国内服装专业设计课的教学     

From the Didactic to the Dialectic—Intercultural Exchanges in Contemporary Counsellor Education

Within the context of the growing development of intercultural counsellor education, the question of how different cultures reconceptualize and transform Western counselling theories for their own context is an important one. In this intercultural exchange in education, concepts such as ‘globalization’, ‘indigenization’ and ‘universalization’ have an impact on the education process. This paper briefly explores these terms and movements and then highlights findings from a research project that took place with a group of counselling graduates in Hong Kong examining how they undertook the processes of reconceptualization and transformation. The dialogical process involved in that enabled participants and researcher to co-explore the process of knowledge development within the counselling education field. Implications for counsellor education are highlighted.

反竞争情报动态监控模型的分析研究

文章从反竞争情报动态监控模型的组织结构、处理对象、运作模式、业务流程等方面对反竞争情报动态监控模型作了分析研究。     

企业技术核心能力增长:以华北制药、长虹为例

技术核心能力的建立与提高是我国企业获取竞争优势的重要来源 ,也是我国企业管理的重点和难点。本文首先从知识创造角度出发 ,提出企业技术核心能力的增长机理。然后 ,以这个机制为基础 ,重点剖析华北制药和长虹的技术核心能力增长过程     

Integrated MSS effects: An empirical health care investigation

Since accurate decisions are required for effective management, much research has focused on information systems that support decision making. Recently, this research has engendered frameworks, such as the management support system (MSS), that are designed to provide comprehensive and integrated support for the decision making process. Few, if any, studies have empirically measured the effects of these frameworks on decision making. This article offers empirical evidence on MSS effectiveness. It overviews the decision making process, presents an MSS for supporting the process, and assesses the influences of the MSS on the process and outcomes of health care decision making. The paper also examines the implications of the analyses for information systems research and health care practice.     

组织间知识跨膜转移概念模型

知识转移促进了组织核心竞争力的形成,是组织获取持续竞争优势的必要途径。本文基于细胞生物学的视角,借鉴物质跨膜运输,提出了组织间知识跨膜转移的新模式,通过对比分析物质跨膜运输与组织间知识转移,构建了组织间知识跨膜被动转移和主动转移的概念模型,其中知识被动转移细分为知识自由扩散与协助扩散;主动转移过程细分为知识泵与协同转移。最后运用概念模型解析了丰田汽车公司案例。     

燕山构造带滦平早白垩世盆地沉积过程和演化

滦平盆地是燕山构造带内一个具有代表性的早白垩世伸展盆地.对盆地内沉积岩相和相组合的详细分析结果显示,盆地内部发育不同的沉积相带并显示明显的空间变化.盆地北部和西部边缘以冲积扇砾岩和扇三角洲砂岩、砾岩沉积为主,盆地中心为湖泊细粒沉积.河流相砂岩和砾岩主要分布于盆地的东南部.古流向和物源恢复结果证明,盆地沉积物主体来自于北部和西部老变质岩基底,仅少部分沉积物来自盆地的东南缘.盆地构造沉降和沉积充填过程主要受北缘和西缘张性断层的控制,断层下盘基底岩石的抬升与盆地边界正断层活动相关,从而成为盆地主要的物源区.滦平盆地的演化可划分为三个阶段：即早期火山喷发阶段、中期强烈断陷阶段和晚期填平阶段.滦平盆地代表了早白垩世燕山构造带其它同类盆地的发展过程,它们皆以小型独立的盆地发育为特征.