矿山开发的水土环境效应遥感监测研究进展

矿山开发导致严重的水土环境污染.矿山开发的水土环境效应包括水质污染、水文循环改变和土壤重金属污染等方面.遥感以实时、高效、数据量大、观测范围广的优点,在矿山开发水土环境效应监测中发挥了重要的作用.笔者综述了矿山信息提取、土壤重金属污染和矿山开发水污染遥感监测方法国内外研究进展,讨论了该研究领域亟待解决的科学问题及今后研究发展前景,以期对中国矿山开发水土环境效应遥感监测理论及水土污染控制实践有所借鉴.研究结果表明:矿山开采过程中,形成了酸性矿山废水吸附重金属,进一步通过迁移释放污染地表和水体;矿山开发改变流域下垫面水文特性.利用遥感技术提取矿山开发信息已取得较好社会效果,今后有待于进一步构建稳定的数据保障.利用高分辨率遥感影像提取矿山开发信息,需进一步探讨提取方法,提高提取精度.     

语境化词汇学习策略对词汇深度知识的影响

基于功能语言学语境理论、二语词汇习得理论和语言输入输出理论,采用结构方程模型技术考察了双语词典、语境听读、语境辨析、语境联想、定期复习、语境造句和语境翻译这七种语境化词汇学习策略与词汇深度知识之间的关系。研究结果表明,七种语境化词汇学习策略对词汇深度知识均有显著的正向的影响,但影响力大小不一。研究结果对二语词汇教学有一定的启示。     

世界优秀健美操选手成绩结构特征的技术分析

主要运用等级相关分析的方法,结合国际健美操竞赛规则的要求,以第四届世界健美操锦标赛决赛前八名选手为主要研究对象,分析运动成绩与各项技术指标以及各项技术指标之间的相关性,从技术的角度探讨世界优秀健美操选手成绩结构特征,并针对我国选手的表现提出建议。     

Bootstrapping Confidence Intervals for Fit Indexes in Structural Equation Modeling

Bootstrapping approximate fit indexes in structural equation modeling (SEM) is of great importance because most fit indexes do not have tractable analytic distributions. Model-based bootstrap, which has been proposed to obtain the distribution of the model chi-square statistic under the null hypothesis (Bollen & Stine, 1992), is not theoretically appropriate for obtaining confidence intervals (CIs) for fit indexes because it assumes the null is exactly true. On the other hand, naive bootstrap is not expected to work well for those fit indexes that are based on the chi-square statistic, such as the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) and the comparative fit index (CFI), because sample noncentrality is a biased estimate of the population noncentrality. In this article we argue that a recently proposed bootstrap approach due to Yuan, Hayashi, and Yanagihara (YHY; 2007) is ideal for bootstrapping fit indexes that are based on the chi-square. This method transforms the data so that the “parent” population has the population noncentrality parameter equal to the estimated noncentrality in the original sample. We conducted a simulation study to evaluate the performance of the YHY bootstrap and the naive bootstrap for 4 indexes: RMSEA, CFI, goodness-of-fit index (GFI), and standardized root mean square residual (SRMR). We found that for RMSEA and CFI, the CIs under the YHY bootstrap had relatively good coverage rates for all conditions, whereas the CIs under the naive bootstrap had very low coverage rates when the fitted model had large degrees of freedom. However, for GFI and SRMR, the CIs under both bootstrap methods had poor coverage rates in most conditions.     

资江水体污染的生态学评价

通过对资江邵阳市段的大型底栖无脊椎动物的调查,运用Shanon Wiener多样性指数公式和Goobuight-Whitlty指数公式作定量分析并进行了生态学评价.     

一种解释结构模型的优化算法研究

解释结构模型被广泛应用于医疗、教育等领域,但相关理论发展较为缓慢。为加快解释结构模型的计算速度,丰富解释结构模型相关理论,通过对系统各要素所对应有向图的本质关系进行分析,对该模型中的级间划分方法作更深一步解析并给出优化算法,发现有向图中若不存在回路,则有向图汇点对应的是最高级要素集合中的要素,因此汇点可以从缩减可达矩阵中直接找出,从而能对复杂系统要素更快地进行分层。对应的优化算法相比传统方法减少了一倍左右的计算量,并通过实证分析进行验证。该研究结果为解释结构模型方法优化提供了一种新诠释。     

Investigation of Fogging on Glass Display Cases at the Royal Ontario Museum

ABSTRACT

Shortly after a major renovation at the Royal Ontario Museum, it was noticed that the glass panels in many of the new display cases exhibited fogging or hazing on the surface, sometimes in very specific patterns. Cleaning removed the fogging temporarily, but it began to reappear within 12 months. An investigation of fogged glass panels in display cases was undertaken to understand the source of the fogging and to develop an appropriate cleaning method. This included the analysis of residues from glass panels in several galleries, and surface imaging and compositional analysis of glass panels. The fogging residues on the glass panels consist mainly of sodium salts of organic acids and inorganic anions. Sources of the sodium in the residues include air particulate matter and the glass itself. The organic acids and inorganic anions that form salts with the sodium cations likely originate from volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and particulate matter in the air. Examination of the fogging patterns on the glass panels revealed that the sodium salts grow on marks made during cleaning attempts and the manufacturing process. These cleaning and manufacturing marks contain greasy residues that encourage crystal growth. Because of the variation in surface cleanliness, panels with more cleaning and manufacturing residues appear to be heavily fogged while those with less may appear to be unfogged in the museum display cases. A cleaning protocol was tested on two of the glass panels, and was found to remove all traces of grease and fogging residue.     

科技期刊供给侧结构性改革的思考

供给侧结构性改革是党中央为适应和引领新形势而提出的一项重大理论创新。科技期刊属于科技出版业,是文化产业的重要组成部分,应积极参与其中。本文在分析当前中国科技期刊发展中凸显的大而不强、结构不合理等现象的基础上,揭示了中国科技期刊在内容生产、资源配置和人力资源方面存在的供需不匹配这一深层次的问题,从提升供给质量、做强本土科技期刊,推进优化重组、形成结构合理且布局科学的期刊集群,分类建设办刊队伍、培育优秀办刊人才3方面,提出了推进中国科技期刊供给侧结构性改革的建议。     

知识特性对知识转移效率影响效应的结构分析

基于结构分析方法,在排除其他相关因素作用的前提下,就知识特性对于知识转移效率所产生的效应进行了分析。理论研究确立了知识默示性、复杂性、专用性为知识特性的关键因素,并从知识获取程度、运用程度、满意程度、顺畅程度4个维度表征知识转移效率的高低。研究进而结合调研数据,采用AMOS7.0对于知识特性的驱动作用及结构模型内部关系展开实证分析,为相关理论假设提供了数据支持。研究结论对于企业明确识别关键因素,有效开展知识管理有着积极的作用。     

论信息化过程中信息资源的绿色管理

面对当前的信息资源管理与环境污染问题,对信息资源与信息化进行反思。首先,从矛盾论的角度,讨 论信息资源的矛盾特性,介绍信息化正在带来的新的环境污染。然后,借用绿色管理的理念,提出把绿色管理思想引 入到信息资源管理。最后,比较系统地论述绿色信息资源管理的内涵（包括绿色的信息资源与信息资源的绿色管理）与 绿色信息资源管理的两大手段（包括信息生态学的原理和第三方的引导与控制）,构建宏观与微观两个层面的信息资源 的绿色管理模型。