诉讼证据的关联性认定标准的思考

证据的关联性在诉讼证据制度中占有重要的地位,通过对证据关联性的不同描述,勾画出证据关联性的初步轮廓及其内部联系方式,进而总结出关联性的基本特征,最终在理论和实践的基础上,提出关联性的认定标准。     

Conceptualizing the Classroom of Target Students: A Qualitative Investigation of Panelists' Experiences during Standard Setting

Increasingly, research has focused on the cognitive processes associated with various standard-setting activities. This qualitative study involved an examination of 16 third-grade reading teachers' experiences with the cognitive task of conceptualizing an entire classroom of hypothetical target students when the single-passage bookmark method or the yes/no method was used during a one-day mock panel meeting. Data were collected using in-depth focus group interviews with eight participants from each of the panel meetings, and a whole-text analysis revealed three categories. Most participants experienced difficulty in attempting to conceive of an entire classroom of target students. Most of them were ultimately unable to do so and made use of alternative cognitive strategies. More fundamental issues also contributed to the difficulties experienced in attempting to complete the required cognitive task. Implications of the findings for standard setting and for further research are also discussed.     

模具零件尺寸公差标准的教学选择

近年来在企业中模具图纸尺寸公差与配合的选用和标注大量使用企业标准。在学校模具专业教学中是继续使用国家标准还是使用企业标准已引起一些争议。本文认为在学校模具专业教学中还是使用国家标准为好。     

The Impact of Process Instructions on Judges’ Use of Examinee Performance Data in Angoff Standard Setting Exercises

Despite being widely used and frequently studied, the Angoff standard setting procedure has received little attention with respect to an integral part of the process: how judges incorporate examinee performance data in the decision‐making process. Without performance data, subject matter experts have considerable difficulty accurately making the required judgments. Providing data introduces the very real possibility that judges will turn their content‐based judgments into norm‐referenced judgments. This article reports on three Angoff standard setting panels for which some items were randomly assigned to have incorrect performance data. Judges were informed that some of the items were accompanied by inaccurate data, but were not told which items they were. The purpose of the manipulation was to assess the extent to which changing the instructions given to the judges would impact the extent to which they relied on the performance data. The modified instructions resulted in the judges making less use of the performance data than judges participating in recent parallel studies. The relative extent of the change judges made did not appear to be substantially influenced by the accuracy of the data.     

中外数字参考咨询评价标准对比研究

随着网络建设的不断加快,越来越多的图书馆开始采用数字形式的参考咨询方式为读者提供服务。本文对中外数字参考咨询的服务标准进行了对比分析,发现中国在提供服务方式多样性以及相应法律制定等方面与国外仍存在差距。     

论职业教育中的四大关系

随着社会主义市场经济体制的建立和完善，经济和社会发展对高素质应用型人才的需求越来越大，提高职业教育的教学质量和办学水平成为摆在职教工作者面前重大而迫切的任务。为此，要正确定位，明确目标；坚持能力本位，强化技能训练；改革教学方法，加强实践教学；改善教学环境，提高职业能力。     

关于演讲词翻译的探讨

演讲词一般具有规范性、通俗性、生动性以及演讲者个人风格等口头语言的基本特征。因此，演讲词翻译应遵循以下原则：（一）简洁精炼、符合逻辑；（二）通俗平易，便于理解；（三）生动形象，感召力强；（四）传达风格，译出韵味。     

国语运动与汉语规范化运动

本文阐述了国语运动的兴起及其主要的历史功绩,同时也论述了汉语规范化运动与它的承接和发展关系。它们是现代汉语民族共同语走向标准化、规范化的两个里程碑,这两个运动同祖同根,源远流长;汉语和汉字是海峡两岸血肉相连不可割断的纽带。目前正肩负着中国语言文字信息化的历史使命,以前所未有的速度向建立一个更为完善规范的民族标准语的目标努力迈进。     

当前高考命题改革首要关注的若干问题研究

高考命题万众瞩目、影响深刻。在高考命题体制形成多元化的格局下,命题质量管理日益重要。研究表明,我国高考命题仍然存在许多问题,比如缺乏国家教育考试命题质量标准;高考命题不够重视正确的教育导向;高考命题缺乏具体、明确和完整的科目考试标准;高考题目编写或题型设计存在一些非科学倾向、不良性题目;等等。为提高我国高考的命题质量,维护高考的科学性和公平性,当前高考改革首要关注高考命题基本制度建设、命题质量标准建设、科目考试标准建设、命题质量监控机制建设以及命题资源、命题人员与命题审核评价专家队伍等方面的建设。     

教师专业标准及其达成:以中国为例

廓清教师专业的内涵、标准及其达成状况,关乎教师教育改革发展大计。专业即专门性职业,成熟专业的标准是:运用专门的知识与技能,强调服务的理念和伦理,经过长期的培养与训练,需要持续的学习与进步,享有有效的专业自治,形成坚强的专业团体。拿上述标准检视,当前教师专业正处在迈向成熟专业的途中。中国的教师教育起步较晚,与发达国家相比,教师专业化尚处在低中级阶段。新世纪的中国教师教育,需要以教师专业化为改革取向,比照着教师专业标准的要求,从理念意识、政策体制、教师个体三个层面予以整合策划,进行全面、协调、优良的改革。