由M_w7.8昆仑山地震地表位错推断滑动位移

2001年MW7.8昆仑山口西地震形成约400 km的地震破裂带,主震断层为一长度350 km、呈东西走向且近直立的走滑断层.主震断层附近的同震滑动位错为研究断层内部的力学性质及几何形态提供了重要参考.本文根据Freund的III-型位错模型,以实地测量和卫星测量的地表错动数据为约束条件,求取沿主震断层走向断层内部各点的滑动位移分布以及破裂面沿断层深度方向的扩展宽度.计算结果表明:III-型位错模拟结果所得断层面滑动位移分布特征和由有限断层模型体波反演得到的结果有较高的吻合程度,且在深度方向上呈现强烈的不均匀性.由III-型位错模型给出的断层内部的破裂宽度小于20 km,其平均值为8.4 km.进一步的对比分析表明:地表同震位移量的大小同断层的破裂宽度在尺度上存在明确的比例关系,沿断层走滑方向各点的滑动位移随深度的变化特征具有自相似性的分形特征.结合III-型位错模拟和体波反演结果,基于Andrews方法计算断层面上静态应力变化的分布,其分布特征同样具有很高的吻合度.     

高速铣削中的几何因素对加工表面粗糙度影响与实验

在高速铣削中由球头铣刀的几何因素致使加工表面残留高度发生相应改变,而其影响因素是多方面的,通过对铝合金试件的表面粗糙度实验分析出不同几何因素对加工表面质量的影响程度。     

R4中二次曲面的不变量

对于三维欧氏空间中二次曲面的不变量,已经有过大量的详细的研究讨论,但对于高维空间中的二次曲面不变量却很少有人进行探究。为此,就针对四维欧氏空间中二次曲面的不变量进行了简单的研究。     

Natural surface design for sliding mode control with multiple discontinuous inputs

It is well known that sliding mode control is based on the definition of an invariant manifold, where the system dynamics are forced to in a finite time. Such a manifold is somewhat arbitrarily defined, as long as the system dynamics are stable on it. Computational and control effort may vary depending on selected manifold. Obviously, if a system has naturally acceptable stable dynamics around a desired equilibrium point, no control is needed unless uncertainties or disturbances are present. It would be desirable that if such a system had uncertainties or disturbances, the control effort be designed only to overcome the effect of such factors. For a system with first order dynamics and affine control input, designing a sliding mode control overcoming only such uncertainties or disturbances is a trivial task. When a higher order dynamics system is involved, unit control may be used, where the input control signals are not discontinuous, but when only discontinuous control inputs are available, a design approach is not readily available. In this paper, taking advantage of the natural stable dynamics of a system, a sliding mode control approach is introduced for designing multiple discontinuous control inputs, where the control effort overcomes only uncertainties, disturbances or unstable dynamics. Two illustrative examples are given in order to show the feasibility of the method.     

响应面法优化米曲霉HML366产β-葡萄糖苷酶发酵培养基

文章研究旨在优化前期筛选到的米曲霉HML366产β-葡萄糖苷酶的培养基条件。通过单因素实验和响应面设计对米曲霉HML366产β-葡萄糖苷酶的培养基条件进行了优化组合,确定最佳的发酵培养基配方为:甘蔗渣3.49%,豆饼粉0.375%,KH2PO4 0.255%。在此培养条件下得到β-葡萄糖苷酶酶活力达92.64 U/g,是未优化前酶活71.12 U/g的1.30倍。     

响应曲面法优化CTD气流干燥工艺参数

为提高叶丝整丝率,通过单因素试验,运用响应曲面法优化CTD气流干燥工艺参数。试验结果表明：工艺气体含氧量、工艺气流量和工艺气体温度对CTD气流干燥出口叶丝整丝率都有显著影响。在工艺气体含氧量为2.77%、工艺气流量为18500 m3/h、工艺气体温度为174℃条件下,CTD气流干燥出口叶丝整丝率达到最高。     

Development of a chemically defined medium for Planctopirus limnophila to increase biomass production

BackgroundPlanctomycetes is a phylum of biofilm-forming bacteria with numerous biosynthetic gene clusters, offering a promising source of new bioactive secondary metabolites. However, the current generation of chemically defined media achieves only low biomass yields, hindering research on these species. We therefore developed a chemically defined medium for the model organism Planctopirus limnophila to increase biomass production.ResultsWe found that P. limnophila grows best with a 10 mM sodium phosphate buffer. The replacement of complex nitrogen sources with defined amino acid solutions did not inhibit growth. Screening for vitamin requirements revealed that only cyanocobalamin (B12) is needed for growth. We used response surface methodology to optimize the medium, resulting in concentrations of 10 g/L glucose, 34 mL/L Hutner’s basal salts, 23.18 mM KNO₃, 2.318 mM NH₄Cl and 0.02 mg/L cyanocobalamin. The analysis of amino acid consumption allowed us to develop a customized amino acid solution lacking six of the amino acids present in Aminoplasmal 10%. Fed-batch cultivation in a bioreactor using the optimized medium achieved a final ΔOD₆₀₀ of 46.8 ± 0.5 after 108 h, corresponding to a cell dry weight of 13.6 ± 0.7 g/L.ConclusionsThe optimized chemically defined medium allowed us to produce larger amounts of biomass more quickly than reported in earlier studies. Further research should focus on triggering P. limnophila biofilm formation to activate the gene clusters responsible for secondary metabolism.How to cite: Kruppa OC, Gerlach D, Fan R, et al. Development of a chemically defined medium for Planctopirus limnophila to increase biomass production. Electron J Biotechnol 2021;54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2021.09.002.     

乳化动力学及温度对乳化的影响

当油滴置于水相时,混合熵驱使油滴分散成不同大小的小油滴,随时间的推移,油滴不断地分裂和再聚集,直至系统达到平衡状态.在乳化过程中,无论对水-油系统还是对表面活性剂-水-油系统,油滴特征大小随时间的变化服从指数律.驰豫时间与温度的关系符合Arrhenius律.随着表面活性剂的HLB值的增加,乳状液的分散度也增加.存在一个温度范围,当系统温度处在其中时,表面活性剂对乳化有明显的作用.表面活性剂的活性温度与它的链型、以及它与组成乳状液的其它物质的相互作用有关.     

高水平短跑运动员途中跑摆动技术表面肌电(sEMG)特征

运用表面肌电遥测和高速摄像同步测试方法,结合功能解剖学知识,揭示我国部分高水平短跑运动员途中跑摆动技术肌肉活动特征.结果表明:短跑途中跑摆动技术肌电特征表现为明显的时序性,肌肉间的收缩具有高度协调性.在完成摆动技术动作中,折叠前摆阶段,阔筋膜张肌、股直肌等屈髋肌以及胫骨前肌是参与活动的主要肌群;下压着地阶段,臀大肌、股二头肌长头、半腱肌是参与活动的主要肌群.在专项力量训练实践中,教练员应结合髋关节屈伸肌群的发力范围、发力特点,优选专项力量训练的手段,以提高训练效果.     

巧用克鲁金定理

巧妙地运用克鲁金定理，仅用代数方法就解决了一些积分问题。笔者还从克鲁金定理出发，导出了库斯科夫公式，并举出其应用实例。