The home advantage in sport competitions: Courneya and Carron's (1992) conceptual framework a decade later

This paper had three aims. The first was to review research carried out on the home advantage from 1992 to the present. The second was to examine the extent to which a conceptual framework proposed by Courneya and Carron () was/is viable as a tool to highlight and organize an understanding of the home advantage. The final aim was to provide suggestions for future research.     

Home advantage in speed skating: Evidence from individual data

Home advantage is a well-documented phenomenon in many sports. Home advantage has been shown to exist for team sports (soccer, hockey, football, baseball, basketball) and for countries organizing sports tournaments like the Olympics and World Cup Soccer. There is also some evidence for home advantage in some individual sports, but there is a much more limited literature. This paper addresses the issue of home advantage in speed skating. From a methodological point of view, it is difficult to identify home advantage, because skaters vary in their abilities and the conditions of tournaments vary. There is a small but significant home advantage using a generalized linear mixed model, with random effects for skaters and fixed effects for skating rinks and seasons. Even though the home advantage effect exists, it is very small when compared to variation in skating times due to differences of rinks and individual abilities.     

Referee bias contributes to home advantage in English Premiership football

Abstract

Officiating bias is thought to contribute to home advantage. Recent research has shown that sports with subjective officiating tend to experience greater home advantage and that referees' decisions can be influenced by crowd noise, but little work has been done to examine whether individual referees vary in their home bias or whether biased decisions contribute to overall home advantage. We develop an ordinal regression model to determine whether various measures of home advantage are affected by the official for the match and by crowd size while controlling for team ability. We examine 5244 English Premier League (EPL) match results involving 50 referees and find that home bias differs between referees. Individual referees give significantly different levels of home advantage, measured as goal differential between the home and away teams, although the significance of this result depends on one referee with a particularly high home advantage (an outlier). Referees vary significantly and robustly in their yellow card and penalty differentials even excluding the outlier. These results confirm that referees are responsible for some of the observed home advantage in the EPL and suggest that home advantage is dependent on the subjective decisions of referees that vary between individuals. We hypothesize that individual referees respond differently to factors such as crowd noise and suggest further research looking at referees' psychological and behavioural responses to biased crowds.     

普通高校篮球教学训练中快攻意识的培养与成效研究

根据篮球运动的特点和当代篮球的发展趋势,结合高校教学的进一步改革以及青年学生参与篮球运动中的快攻意识形成及临场运用过程,对青年学生快攻意识的培养及成效进行探讨.认为篮球快攻意识是一个较为复杂的、细腻的,并且需要长期学习和培养的连续性过程,是通过反复练习和比赛实践逐渐积累形成的.在对学生进行篮球技术、战术教学的同时,必须有计划、有目的、有步骤地进行课堂教学比赛进攻快攻意识的科学训练方法,并使之贯穿于整个阶段教学过程、训练过程中,使快攻意识与其它战术意识和技、战术训练密切结合,并有效和谐的发展.     

我国校园足球政策的三维协同研究

采用内容分析法,构建集“政策工具-政策制定主体-时间数量”一体化的校园足球三维分析框架,对2009—2018年国务院以及各部委发布的校园足球相关政策进行计量分析,并构建了我国校园足球政策的协同模型。研究表明,校园足球政策制定主体以单一部门为主,联合部门发文量较少,政策制定主体协同度仍需提升。在政策工具的使用上存在较大差异,政府偏向于环境型政策的使用,供给型政策比例有待提高,需求型政策相对匮乏。随着校园足球的深入发展,应该进一步提高政策制定主体的协同性,适当调整环境型政策工具,增加税收金融类;合理匹配供给型政策工具,加强校园足球的推动力;增加需求型政策工具,提高校园足球的拉动力。     

影响表象训练效果的因素研究

采用文献资料研究法，对国内外表象研究的现状进行分析，评述了表象在体育运动中的作用，分析了影响表象训练效果的各种因素，并指出存在的问题以及今后的研究方向。     

A post-American world? Assessing the cognitive and attitudinal impacts of challenges to American exceptionalism

A number of voices have emerged in U.S. political discourse questioning the legitimacy of American exceptionalism, suggesting we are in a “post-American world.” Our research examines the effects that political messages that explicitly challenge American exceptionalism can have on U.S. public opinion. Drawing upon social identity theory, we find that explicit challenges to American exceptionalism significantly impact Americans’ views toward their own nation, their willingness to denigrate foreign publics, and their broader foreign policy preferences.     

深化科技期刊编辑学研究的探讨

近年来,科技期刊编辑学研究已蓬勃开展,但对其理论体系和结构尚无统一的认识。研究中应注意两种倾向。1.有意拔高编辑学理论,论述高深莫测;或生硬引入新学科的理论与方法,堆砌新名词与术语,而与编辑实践联系甚远。2.局限于具体编辑工作和经验,而缺乏理论的抽象和指导。因此,深化编辑学研究应从编辑的作用、地位和素质,期刊的传播性、导向性,编辑活动,编辑美学,和期刊的社会效益、经济效益五方面入手。     

应对方式在体育锻炼与女大学生抑郁之间的中介效应分析

利用Bootstrap交叉验证的方法对女大学生应对方式在体育锻炼与抑郁之间的中介作用进行检验.结果发现,问题解决纬度在体育锻炼对抑郁的影响中起部分中介作用,其中介效应值为-0.0193,中介效应置信区间为[-0.0433 -0.0053],中介效应量占总效应量的28.4%;其他8个应对方式纬度中介效应都不显著.结论认为,积极应对方式在体育锻炼对女大学生抑郁的影响中起中介作用.     

老年人太极拳锻炼行为及其对健康的影响

采用文献资料法、问卷调查法和数理统计法等,选取江苏省具有代表性的城区(南京、苏州、徐州) 参与太极拳习练的老年群体为调查对象,对其人口学指标、习练行为、健康状况等进行研究,揭示老年人习练太极拳的行为特征及其对健康的影响,发挥太极拳在改善老年人健康、实现健康老龄化中的功能与价值。 ①在习练行为特征上,90.3%的老年人每周习练频次为3次及以上,82.4%的老年人每次习练时长在30min及以上;学习途径和习练方式都以“群体组织”形式为主;习练套路以24式为主;②在健康状况自评上,参与太极拳习练的老年人85.8%对健康状况满意,且练习太极拳对改善老年人健康状况具有“全面性”特征;③在影响习练太极拳老年人健康评价的因素上,教育程度、收入满意度和每次习练时长、习练方式,以及掌握习练要领的数量等因素显著影响参与太极拳习练的老年人对自身健康的评价,且与评价结果具有正相关性。