毛泽东的生死观

青年毛泽东的生死现具有自然主义和浪漫主义相结合的特色,晚年则转变为理性主义。人的生命虽然是有限的,但可以通过体育锻炼延长生命的长度和“只争朝夕”的精神扩大生命的内涵。生命的意义不在于寿命的长短,而在于是否活得有意义和死得其所。只有那些为人民利益而死、捍卫自己人格尊严和民族气节的人才是高尚的、伟大的。     

A scale-based approach to interdisciplinary research and expertise in sports

After more than 20 years since the introduction of ecological and dynamical approaches in sports research, their promising opportunity for interdisciplinary research has not been fulfilled yet. The complexity of the research process and the theoretical and empirical difficulties associated with an integrated ecological-dynamical approach have been the major factors hindering the generalisation of interdisciplinary projects in sports sciences. To facilitate this generalisation, we integrate the major concepts from the ecological and dynamical approaches to study behaviour as a multi-scale process. Our integration gravitates around the distinction between functional (ecological) and execution (organic) scales, and their reciprocal intra- and inter-scale constraints. We propose an (epistemological) scale-based definition of constraints that accounts for the concept of synergies as emergent coordinative structures. To illustrate how we can operationalise the notion of multi-scale synergies we use an interdisciplinary model of locomotor pointing. To conclude, we show the value of this approach for interdisciplinary research in sport sciences, as we discuss two examples of task-specific dimensionality reduction techniques in the context of an ongoing project that aims to unveil the determinants of expertise in basketball free throw shooting. These techniques provide relevant empirical evidence to help bootstrap the challenging modelling efforts required in sport sciences.     

A knock to the system: A new sociotechnical systems approach to sport-related concussion

Broader contextual factors that influence concussion management have tended to be overlooked. To address this, the present study used a sociotechnical systems approach to identify perceived responsibilities and applied strategies for three domains of concussion management (i.e., prevention, identification and treatment). Participants were 118 members of the community rugby union system in Australia (69.2% male). Participants from throughout the rugby system (e.g., players, parents, coaches, club management) were asked open-ended questions about their perceived responsibilities and the strategies they use for concussion management. It was found that (a) proper training, technique correction and education were recurrent prevention themes; (b) the majority of key stakeholders felt that they could consistently identify concussion; however, medical aids (medics) were the only system actors who stated a responsibility to use standardised concussion assessment measures and (c) less than one third of the respondents indicated their involvement in treating concussion. This study identifies specific junctures in the system that prevents effective concussion management strategies. A sociotechnical systems approach improves the understanding of concussion prevention, and management beliefs and behaviours.     

自动化集装箱码头自动导引小车与轨道式龙门起重机的协同调度

为解决自动导引小车(Automated Guided Vehicle,AGV)与轨道式龙门起重机(Rail-Mounted Gantry Crane,RMG)的协同调度问题,考虑AGV和RMG的任务分配约束,以卸船作业最小完工时间为目标,建立混合整数规划(Mixed Integer Programming,MIP)模型.改变AGV,岸桥和箱区数量的配置,得出不同条件下的完工时间.对该问题设计两组算例:小规模算例采用CPLEX软件和遗传算法(Genetic Algorithm,GA)分别进行求解,通过结果对比验证GA的有效性;大规模算例采用GA求解,给出自动化码头设备调度优化方案.分析结果表明,卸船完工时间随着卸船任务量的增加而增加,随着AGV,岸桥和箱区数量的增加而减少,且AGV和岸桥数量的增加对完工时间的影响大于箱区数量的增加时完工数量的影响.     

生态脆弱区社会经济与资源环境耦合协调度研究:以云南省昭通市为例

对于生态脆弱地区,探寻其社会经济发展与资源环境的协调发展模式对于实现地区的可持续发展具有重要意义。构建相对资源承载力模型和耦合协调度模型,测算云南省昭通市相对资源人口承载力和经济承载力,并对"经济-资源环境-社会"系统协调发展度进行时空分析。结果表明：1）昭通市相对资源人口承载力超载严重,社会资源承载力低且显著超载;2）相对资源经济承载力处于富余状态,资源的经济价值尚未充分开发;3）昭通市社会经济发展受资源环境制约显著,系统不协调度有拉大趋势。提高第二产业发展水平,优化产业结构是促进昭通市"经济-资源环境-社会"系统协调发展的主要措施。     

‘We Will Try Again,Again, Again to Make It Bigger’: Japan,American Football,and the Super Bowl in the Past,Present, and Future

Abstract

This study is to analyse how the Japanese have traditionally received and currently perceive the Super Bowl, and for this purpose, it aims to locate the position of American football in Japanese history, society, and culture. It explores the game’s history and then examine the degree of its spread among Japan’s sporting population. A two-dimensional approach of historical study and inter-game comparison gives context to the analyses of reference frequency and contents of news media, followed by speculative discussions of what the near future of Japan’s American football would be like. To conclude, it clarifies the ways the Super Bowl has been received and is now being perceived by two groups: The first group is the general people who see the Super Bowl as the convenient and useful medium by which they could learn effectively about American culture through the one-night mania for ‘conspicuous consumption’. The second group comprises American football experts and enthusiasts, including 13,000 athletes and their OBs, coaches, trainers, and other staff members of the leagues and associations as well as the general sports fans. For this group, the Super Bowl is the apex of their favourite sport to which only a selected talented few could join.     

校园足球教育改革与实践发展的思考——兼论成立中国（上海）足球教育学院的可行性

以校园足球人才培养为切入点,思考校园足球开展的实质、人才培养与发展出路等问题,探讨成立中国（上海）足球教育学院的必要性、可行性。通过充分整合高校、俱乐部、社会等资源,融合校园足球教育、人才培养、社会接纳三大系统,构建大中小学全覆盖、“一条龙”式的校园足球人才培养体系。     

The Jews of Venetian Candia: The Challenges of External Influences and Internal Diversity as Reflected in Takkanot Kandiyah

Takkanot Kandiyah is a collection of Hebrew-written legislative texts regarding the leadership of the Jewish community of Candia, the capital of the Venetian colony of Crete, which were issued by successive generations of communal leaders between the early thirteenth and late sixteenth centuries. The detailed information it provides on many areas of the communal life makes Takkanot Kandiyah a valuable source for historical research into Jewish life in the medieval and Early Modern Mediterranean. Through a study of the texts contained in Takkanot Kandiyah, this article attempts to identify and analyse the ways in which the leadership of the Candiot community responded to the challenges of coexistence with the Greek inhabitants of Crete and the Venetian rulers of the island, as well as with the Jewish immigrants whom the currents of history brought to Crete from various corners of the Mediterranean, and thus to examine the importance of the “Mediterranean dimension” of the life of Cretan Jewry.     

The Seljuk Sultanate of Rūm and the Turkmen of the Byzantine frontier, 1206–1279*

This article examines the frontier between the Seljuk Sultanate of Rūm and its Byzantine neighbours in the thirteenth century, concentrating on the place of these frontier districts within the Seljuk state. Scholarship on the frontier, influenced by the ideas of Paul Wittek, has seen it as something of a “no man's land”, politically, economically, culturally and religiously distinct from the urban heartland of the Seljuk sultanate in central Anatolia, dominated by the nomadic Turks, the Turkmen, who operated largely beyond sultanic control. It is often thought that the Seljuk and Greek sides of the border shared more in common with each other than they did with the states of which they formed a part. In contrast, this article argues that in fact the western frontier regions were closely integrated into the Seljuk sultanate. Furthermore, with the Mongol domination of the Seljuk sultanate in the second half of the thirteenth century, the Seljuk and Mongol elites became increasingly involved in this frontier region, where some of the leading figures of the sultanate had estates and endowments.     

The Saljuq Turks’ Conversion to Islam: The Crusading Sources

This article contributes to the important debate over the conversion of the Turks to Islam. Previously, it was thought that the Turks abandoned their former steppe faith and customs very swiftly to become staunch Sunni Muslims, but this view has recently been challenged by a number of studies. The current consensus seems to be that the Turks’ adoption of Islam was a process of far longer duration, spanning many decades. This article broadens this discussion by demonstrating that the chronicles written by the First Crusaders contain much useful information that is pertinent to this question. It works through these texts, showing that they can shed new light on this point.