数学开放性问题和平行任务的设计:处理数学学习差异的一种途径

普及教育推行以来,处理课堂中学生的学习差异一直是一个世界性的课题。在数学科,按照数学问题或习题的难度进行分层教学是一贯的做法,期望不同能力的学生逐阶而上。然而,激发学生的数学思考,提供不同学生更多的学习机会,是处理差异化教学的关键。在面对混合能力的大班教学中,运用数学开放问题,结合平行练习任务进行分层教学或是一条有效的处理学生数学学习差异的途径。     

任务型教学在大学英语阅读教学中的应用

任务型语言学习理论是20世纪80年代外语教学法研究者和第二语言习得研究者在大量研究和实践的基础上提出的又一具有重要影响的语言学习理论和学习模式.探讨了任务型教学的内涵及优势:通过与传统教学途径的比较,分析了任务型阅读教学的活动阶段及其特点;从四个方面,重点论述了大学英语任务型阅读教学中任务设计应注意的问题.     

试论高校后勤社会化改革的思想政治工作

本文从实现高校后勤社会化改革的目标和当前后勤职工思想实际的角度分析认为 :后勤社会化必须加强思想政治工作 ,同时从思想武装、观念转变、工作内容、方法改进等方面提出了思想政治工作具体可行的措施。     

Understanding and describing mathematical knowledge for teaching: knowledge about proof for engaging students in the activity of proving

This article is situated in the research domain that investigates what mathematical knowledge is useful for, and usable in, mathematics teaching. Specifically, the article contributes to the issue of understanding and describing what knowledge about proof is likely to be important for teachers to have as they engage students in the activity of proving. We explain that existing research informs the knowledge about the logico-linguistic aspects of proof that teachers might need, and we argue that this knowledge should be complemented by what we call knowledge of situations for proving. This form of knowledge is essential as teachers mobilize proving opportunities for their students in mathematics classrooms. We identify two sub-components of the knowledge of situations for proving: knowledge of different kinds of proving tasks and knowledge of the relationship between proving tasks and proving activity. In order to promote understanding of the former type of knowledge, we develop and illustrate a classification of proving tasks based on two mathematical criteria: (1) the number of cases involved in a task (a single case, multiple but finitely many cases, or infinitely many cases), and (2) the purpose of the task (to verify or to refute statements). In order to promote understanding of the latter type of knowledge, we develop a framework for the relationship between different proving tasks and anticipated proving activity when these tasks are implemented in classrooms, and we exemplify the components of the framework using data from third grade. We also discuss possible directions for future research into teachers’ knowledge about proof.

教学改革的原则——以学生为中心

作者试图对当代教育存在的弊端极其出现的根源进行剖析 ,并以此作为视角力图系统地阐述以学生为中心这一教育理念 :一切教学活动都应该围绕学生的全面发展———人格、体格、文化修养、审美情趣等———这一中心任务来设计和开展。     

扩大开放与提高质量:广播电视大学战略课题破解

开放与质量是广播电视大学立校的两大支柱。以创办中国特色开放大学为精神实质的广播电视大学自创办以来,其开放性多次徘徊于体制和传统以及自身问题的制约中,最终在“中央电大人才培养模式改革和开放教育试点”中获得历史性突破。在新的发展时期中,进一步扩大开放与提高质量,再次成为其亟待破解的两大战略课题。文章以宏观的理论视野、时代的理性观照,对关涉问题进行了深入缜密的剖析并由此指导该两大课题实践的有效展开和推进。     

Resources for Science Learning: Tools,Tasks, and Environment

This article addresses the question of how science learning can be improved. It recognizes that, while learners themselves are responsible for their own learning, the quality of this learning is greatly influenced when appropriate resources are available to learners. These resources are provided through a partnership between teachers and learners. Three different types of resource are discussed. Tools, in the form of computer tools and conceptual tools, make tasks easier and allow learners to undertake tasks they would not otherwise be able to do. Tasks can facilitate effective learning by creating effective spaces for learners to work in, embodying key aspects of the disciplines of science, providing effective and authentic opportunities for learners to learn, and facilitating a dialogue between learners ideas and their experiences of the natural world. Environment – the ecology in which learning happens – provides three sources of information through the human, social, and conceptual worlds. When key aspects of these worlds are manifested in the environment, they scaffold the learning of science content, the nature of science, and the learning process itself, all of which are required for the deep understanding of science that constitutes improved science learning.     

转型期地方高校教育科研的任务与作用

经济社会大变革,给地方高校创造了良好的发展机遇,同时也带来了许多矛盾和问题。开展教育科研,是解决问题的重要手段和途径。为此,地方高校应进行办学指导思想、人才队伍建设、为区域经济社会服务、教育教学和培养模式的研究,为学校可持续发展提供理论支持和服务。     

错误结果反馈对追踪任务学习迁移的影响

采用电脑追踪任务探讨错误结果反馈(KR)对运动技能学习迁移的影响.抽取在校大学生,随机分为正确KR组、错误KR组、混合KR组(组间性别均衡设计).在第1-3 d,3组受试者练习时分别获得正确的KR、错误的KR,或者获得25次正确KR后,再获得25次错误KR.正确的KR是每次追踪误差的毫秒数,错误的KR则是正确KR数值+10 mm.在第4 d,3组受试者分剐在无KR的条件下,用原任务进行保持测试10次,之后再操作两个迁移任务各10次.显示:KR在一致性时机任务和电脑追踪任务中的作用机理类似,当可以获得KR时,学习者将它作为觉察和纠正操作错误的信息源:错误KR会带来迁移测试绩效的偏差.提示:学习者形成自身觉察错误能力是运动技能学习的关键,实践工作者应根据运动情境的特点,合理地提供结果反馈,以促进运动技能的学习.     

Overload problem research on aperiodic real-time tasks

In this paper, a novel scheduling mechanism is proposed to handle the real-time overload problem by maximizing the cumulative values of three types of tasks: the soft, the hard and the imprecise tasks. The simulation results show that the performance of our presented mechanism in this paper is greatly improved, much better than that of the other three mechanisms: earliest deadline first (EDF), highest value first (HVF) and highest density first (HDF), under the same conditions of all nominal loads and task type proportions.