自由与规训:国外健身美容杂志中关于女性节食、运动与减肥的矛盾叙述

以《shape》、《Fitness》、《Self》和《Oprah》等四本国际畅销的女性健身美容杂志作为研究对象,运用文本分析的方法分析其有关女性节食、运动与减肥的文章,共发现6个有代表性的与事实矛盾的叙述和表达,分别为:1)"在节食的问题上你是自由的";2)"不要刻意去减肥,按你自己的意愿来";3)"爱你身体原来的样子,不要过于在意体重";4)"减肥很容易,你会很快瘦下来";5)"尝试这些饮食秘诀和技巧";6)"不必担心,年龄越大身材越好"。结论认为健身美容杂志关于女性减肥与塑身的话语陈述呈现出的矛盾性,恰恰也是现实中女性对自己的"身体"既要主观自由又被客观规训的反映。女性减肥从表面上看是个体的身体实践,是女性自我选择的结果,但其背后却蕴含着男权意志为主的标准与规范。     

How adolescents navigate Wikipedia to answer questions / ¿Cómo navegan los adolescentes en Wikipedia para contestar preguntas?

Abstract

In one experiment, we explored how high school students use hyperlink relevance cues while they navigate to answer questions from hypertexts. Current evidence has shown that students may navigate by either performing a deep semantic analysis of the relationship between the question and the existing hyperlinks, or by matching words in the question to words in the hyperlink labels. We focused on how students combine both cues during navigation, and how comprehension skills relate to the use of such cues. Our study revealed that 14 year old students (N = 53) selected hyperlinks by relying to a similar degree on both word matching and semantic overlap. Furthermore, when there was a conflict between an irrelevant link cued via word matching and a relevant link only cued through semantic overlap, students’ comprehension skills facilitated their initial selection of an informative relevant link. To conclude, we discuss the implications of these results for current models of hypertext navigation.     

Preliminary findings of Active Classrooms: An intervention to increase physical activity levels of primary school children during class time

This study evaluates the effects of a behaviour change intervention, which encourages the integration of physical activity into the teaching of academic lessons, on physical activity levels of students. The main outcome is mean minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) daily generated during the intervention lessons. Teacher's perceptions and students' enjoyment of the programme were also evaluated. Students accumulated a mean of 8 min MVPA during the intervention lessons daily. The teacher and students were very satisfied with the programme. Therefore, changing teacher behaviour towards using physically active teaching methods is a promising way of increasing children's physical activity levels.     

功能语言指导下网络旅游景点资料翻译的对比研究

文章运用系统功能理论对比和分析了美国加州旅游景点官网和江苏旅游景点官方网页旅游文本的语篇功能方面的差异,并提出了相应的翻译策略,即译者在旅游语篇的翻译中,要能考虑到此翻译活动的社会性,对旅游景点介绍文本适当进行改译、改编,达到所需的务实的效果。     

文学作品之生态伦理解读的阐释原则

在人类物质文明得到空前发展的时代,地球的生态环境遭到了前所未遇的挑战。从文学这种极为贴近生活的角度出发,来研究人类生态伦理的衍变历史,是人类的文化构建和阐释模式的需要。如何解读出既符合时代需要又不违背作品本意的生态意义,成为一个重要话题。从阐释功能、挖掘与质疑精神、适度重构以及悖论角度,来探讨重读作品中生态伦理意蕴时的解读点。在对文学文本进行生态思想研究的时候,一个极大的误区就是用生态哲学伦理去生搬硬套地解读文学作品,却不慎重思考这些作品本身是否具有生态伦理的真正含义。在文学作品的生态伦理挖掘、整理和提纯的过程中,不丧失文学作品中作者本真的指涉维度,是我们解读中的一个重要使命。     

Processing multimedia material: Does integration of text and pictures result in a single or two interconnected mental representations?

We investigated whether individuals construct either two interconnected mental representations or a single mental representation that merges information from two representations when processing multimedia materials. Individuals memorized text-picture stimuli in four different versions that differed in the specificity of information contained in either text or pictures: general pictures/general sentences, general pictures/specific sentences, specific pictures/general sentences, and specific pictures/specific sentences. Afterwards, individuals decided whether they had previously seen the specific or the general version of the sentences and the pictures. Across two experiments, individuals more frequently falsely recognized the specific sentences after having seen general sentences/specific pictures. This indicates that individuals had integrated the specific picture information with the general sentence information into a single mental representation. No such effects were observed for picture recognition. The implications of these results for multimedia learning are discussed.     

基于分类号和引文的专利相似度测量方法研究

面向专利数据领域,根据专利引文数据、IPC分类号、德温特分类号构建一种专利相似度的测量方法,以LT E移动通信领域专利为样本进行实证分析,发现该方法对专利相似程度区分性较好。     

重读张岱年先生的《世界文化与中国文化》--纪念张岱年先生逝世十周年

张岱年先生在20世纪30年代运用辩证法而深入到“文化之实相”,提出了文化的“整”与“分”、“变”与“常”、“异”与“同”的辩证文化观,这一思想根源于他在1933年发表的《世界文化与中国文化》。张先生在30年代主张的文化的“创造的综合”,以及他在晚年提出的“文化综合创新论”,实际上都是立足于这一文化的辩证发展观。这一思想对于我们当今的文化建设、道德建设,乃至于哲学理论和哲学史研究,都仍具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。     

基于语义网络社团划分的中文文本分类研究

为减少一词多义现象及训练样本的类偏斜问题对分类性能的影响,提出一种基于语义网络社团划分的中文文本分类算法。通过维基百科知识库对文本特征词进行消歧,构建出训练语义复杂网络以表示文本间的语义关系,再次结合节点特性采用K-means算法对训练集进行社团划分以改善类偏斜问题,进而查找待分类文本的最相近社团并以此为基础进行文本分类。实验结果表明,本文所提出的中文文本分类算法是可行的,且具有较好的分类效果。     

一种基于短文本相似度计算的主观题自动阅卷方法

文本主观题自动阅卷的关键是提高考生答案文本和试题标准答案文本之间相似度计算结果的准确率。参考文本试题人工阅卷方法,提出一种结合人工制定文本相似标准、词语集合及词语次序和同义词的短文本相似度计算方法,设计并实现相应文本主观题阅卷系统。建立试题人工评分标准库,并在387道银行培训领域真实考题数据集上进行自动阅卷与人工阅卷结果对比实验。结果显示,文本试题自动阅卷结果与人工阅卷结果相比,完全相同的达到58%,准确率达到80%左右。