基于三维引文关联网络的潜在知识流动探测——以基因编辑领域为例

在知识经济时代,知识流动在激发知识创新和促进科技发展等方面的价值逐步凸显出来。本文在直引-共被引-耦合三维引文关联网络融合的基础上,对主题关联层面进行映射,对领域内潜在的知识流动进行挖掘。链路预测指标作为特征值,分别应用于构建分类器和回归器。其中,分类器用于预测目前尚未存在、在未来极有可能发生的知识流动;回归器主要用于预测目前链接权重较低的,尚未引起广泛关注、但在未来具有较高链接权重的知识流动。两种预测层面综合互补,可更全面地探测领域内的研究前沿或新兴趋势。利用该思路对当前热门的基因编辑技术领域进行探索研究,得到了该领域中的潜在知识流动和潜在研究的热点,为科研人员选择研究方向提供参考。     

Strengths and Weaknesses of Non-enhanced and Contrast-enhanced Cadaver Computed Tomography Scans in the Teaching of Gross Anatomy in an Integrated Curriculum

Cadaver-specific postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) has become an integral part in anatomy teaching at several universities. Recently, the feasibility of contrast-enhanced (CE)-PMCT has been demonstrated. The purpose of this study was to identify particular strengths and weaknesses of both non-enhanced and contrast-enhanced PMCT compared to conventional cadaver dissection. First, the students’ perception of the learning effectiveness of the three different modalities have been assessed using a 34-item survey (five-point Likert scale) covering all anatomy course modules. Results were compared using the nonparametric Friedman Test. Second, the most frequent artifacts in cadaver CT scans, were systematically analyzed in 122 PMCT and 31 CE-PMCT data sets to quantify method-related limitations and characteristics. Perfusion quality was assessed in 57 vascular segments (38 arterial and 19 venous). The survey was answered by n = 257/320 (80.3%) students. Increased learning benefits of PMCT/ CE-PMCT compared to cadaver dissection were found in osteology (2/3 categories, P < 0.001), head and neck (2/5 categories, P < 0.01), and brain anatomy (3/3 categories, P < 0.01). Contrast-enhanced-PMCT was perceived particularly useful in learning vascular anatomy (10/10 categories, P < 0.01). Cadaver dissection received significantly higher scores compared to PMCT and CE-PMCT in all categories of the abdomen and thorax (7/7 categories, P < 0.001), as well as the majority of muscular anatomy (5/6 categories, P < 0.001). Frequent postmortem artifacts (total n = 28, native-phase n = 21, contrast injection-related n = 7) were identified and assessed. The results of this work contribute to the understanding of the value of integrating cadaver-specific PMCT in anatomy teaching.