“It wouldn't be the same without nature”—The value of nature according to Finnish upper secondary school students

This article describes an interview study on Finnish upper secondary school students' values of nature. Even if the Finnish adolescents' interest in nature has decreased, most of the interviewees in this study regarded nature as worthy of maintenance. They valued nature for its material, aesthetic, and recreational values, as well as its diversity and future value, and because of their holistic view of nature. The nature values of the students were complex. Therefore, we suggest education that supports their value development through deliberation, authentic involvement, and outdoor activities.     

Validity and reliability of a low-cost dynamometer to assess maximal isometric strength of upper limb

Muscle imbalance and deficit are key parameters for guiding rehabilitation and sports sessions and avoiding injuries. However, the high cost and non-portable nature of most instruments employed for muscle strength assessment frequently hamper an affordable evaluation in field conditions. This study evaluated the validity and reliability of a low-cost digital dynamometer to assess the maximal isometric strength of upper limb muscles. Fourteen physically active volunteers performed the main movements of the upper limb at maximal isometric strength: flexion-extension, internal-external rotation and abduction-adduction of the shoulder; and flexion-extension of both elbow and wrist. Validity was examined by comparing the strength values from the low-cost digital dynamometer and those measured by an isokinetic dynamometer, assumed as the gold standard. The correlation between both devices was perfect (r > 0.913), while Bland-Altman plots showed absolute agreement between both devices, the maximum range of the values of bias was ?0.99–1.00 N in wrist extension. Inter-tester and intra-tester reliability were excellent for all movements (ICC ≥ 0.855). The low-cost digital dynamometer showed strong validity and excellent reliability in assessing maximal isometric strength during the main movements of the upper limb. Professionals may use it for an affordable isometric muscle strength assessment in field situations.     

综放工作面采向控制及辅助调整方法

介绍淮南谢桥矿综合机械化放顶煤采煤合理采向控制和辅助调整支架及刮板输送机状态的方法。该方法经多个综放面的实际应用证明是科学合理行之有效的,这为综放工作面的安全生产和高产高效奠定了坚实的技术管理基础。     

区域文化视野下汉水上游地区教育发展探究

从文化学的视野出发,站在区域文化的角度,汉水上游教育发展要以培养适应现代化发展的新型区域人才为目标,利用区域特有的文化资源进行教学内容改革,并建立相应的为教育服务的支持系统,以达到整个区域经济文化的繁荣和发展。     

体育运动对免疫系统及上呼吸道影响的研究

激烈运动及较高的心理压力会抑制运动员体内的免疫系统；相反，适度的有氧运动则有提高运动员体内免疫功能的效果。保持适当的运动量，养成良好的卫生习惯，避免接触传染，对运动员的健康维护与体质的增强都将有所裨益。     

上肢鞭打动作动力学模型的建立及分析

鞭打动作是许多体育技术动作的重要组成部分.本研究建立了人体上肢3刚体7自由度的多刚体模型,并应用多刚体动力学中的Kane方法建立人体上肢鞭打动作的物理模型,根据运动学测试数据计算出上肢各环节在鞭打动作过程中的肌肉力矩和关节反作用力.实践证明,Kane方法在描述和计算上肢多刚体运动的形式和力矩时具有列解方程规范简洁、编程计算方便高效的特点,计算结果能够反映动作实际.通过对棒球投掷动作上肢三个环节力和力矩进行计算与分析,初步了解了上肢各环节在运动过程中肌肉力矩和关节反作用力与动作技术的关系.     

运动与唾液溶菌酶和sIgA的关系

通过对运动与唾液中的溶菌酶和sIgA相关性的研究,了解运动对唾液中sIgA和溶菌酶的影响及与上呼吸道感染的关系,结果表明:不同的运动项目、运动强度及运动时间对唾液溶今菌酶和sIgA的影响不同且与上呼吸道感染的危险性也有着不同的影响.     

Schooling sexualities and gendered bodies. Experiences of LGBT students in Icelandic upper secondary schools

In this paper, we study how Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender people (LGBT) students in Icelandic upper secondary schools interpret their experience of heteronormative environment and how they respond to it. The aim is to explore how sexualities and gendered bodies are constructed through ‘schooling’. The article draws on interview data with seven LGBT students who attended five different upper secondary schools. We also use visual data collected during fieldwork at one upper secondary school and exemplify the results with a poster and a digitalised short-film, produced by the students, to substantiate what participants told us in the interviews. All of the students experienced heteronormative discourse and lack of respect and indicated that they did not feel fully accepted in school. Upon entering the classroom, the visibility of LGBTs and discussion about different performances of gender and sexuality seem to disappear, whether in terms of textbooks, course content, teaching practices and school environment. Furthermore, LGBTs and those who do not conform to the hegemonic performances of gender are often constructed as deviations from the norm, strange, and even depicted as the abjected other. This applies in particular to the informal school, which embraces the traditions, culture and social interactions among students and teachers. This othering occurs, despite relatively positive attitudes towards LGBT people in Icelandic society in general. The results signify a gap between policy and practice as regards the positioning of LBGT students, which affects their schooling and well-being.     

项羽与“布衣王侯之局”——兼论秦汉之际的社会阶层变动

西周世卿世禄制度在春秋战国之世逐渐被诸侯国实施的功勋授爵制度所取代,"封侯"成为社会各阶层的普遍愿望。秦国商鞅变法,所颁二十等爵制中多有以功勋授爵之爵级。反秦战争爆发后,陈胜以"黔首"自立为王,激起了社会各阶层对"封王"的渴望。随后项羽分封,不论出身,只论军功,自"西楚霸王"而下所封王、侯中多有平民,此即所谓"布衣王侯之局"。刘邦在与项羽的对抗过程中,因以弱敌强之形势所迫,不得不继续分封王、侯以争揽人才,韩信、彭越等遂以布衣封王。楚汉战争结束时,刘邦一方"布衣王侯之局"已成,受封王侯者治国理政,终开赵翼所谓"汉初布衣将相之局"。     

丹江上游非点源污染分析

简要介绍了丹江上游自然地理概况、非点源污染监测项目、方法要求及计算结果 ,重点分析了非点源污染影响因素和特性 ,提出了解决非点源污染和保护水质的有效途径。