History of the preanalytical phase: a personal view

In the 70ies of the last century, ther term “preanalytical phase” was introduced in the literature. This term describes all actions and aspects of the “brain to brain circle” of the medical laboratory diagnostic procedure happening before the analytical phase. The author describes his personal experiences in the early seventies and the following history of increasing awareness of this phase as the main cause of “laboratory errors”. This includes the definitions of influence and interference factors as well as the first publications in book, internet, CD-Rom and recent App form over the past 40 years. In addition, a short summary of previous developments as prerequesits of laboratory diagnostic actions is described from the middle age matula for urine collection to the blood collection tubes, anticoagulants and centrifuges. The short review gives a personal view on the possible causes of missing awareness of preanalytical causes of error and future aspects of new techniques in regulation of requests to introduction of quality assurance programs for preanalytical factors.     

Abnormal gel flotation in a patient with apperant pneumonia diagnosis: a case report

Introduction:

Serum blood collection tubes with separator gel are widely used by many laboratories for chemistry analyses. We describe a case of a primary blood collection tube filled with blood sample and a floating separator gel.

Materials and methods:

The blood sample was collected from a 51 years old female in intensive care unit with the diagnosis of pneumonia into a BD Vacutainer SST tube (Becton Dickinson, NJ, USA) containing serum separator gel and conveyed to the core laboratory of Marmara University Hospital within 30 minutes from collection. Sample was immediately centrifuged at room temperature at 1500 × g for 10 minutes.

Results:

The analyses revealed a highly increased total protein concentration of 145 g/L (reference interval 64–83 g/L). The nephelometric analyses showed an elevated serum IgG concentration of 108 g/L (reference interval 6.5–16 g/L) and IgG lambda monoclonal band was determined by serum immunofixation electrophoresis.

Conclusion:

Limitation of the separator gel tubes in patients with a high plasma density and its possible effects on test results and laboratory costs should be remembered. The clinical diagnosis stated in the information system should also reveal known comorbid conditions besides the apparent admission reason. This information would avoid resampling, additional testing, and communication efforts with the clinicians.     

Comparison of digoxin concentration in plastic serum tubes with clot activator and heparinized plasma tubes

Introduction:

Sample type recommended by the manufacturer for the digoxin Abbott assay is either serum collected in glass tubes or plasma (sodium heparin, lithium heparin, citrate, EDTA or oxalate as anticoagulant) collected in plastic tubes. In our hospital samples are collected in plastic tubes. Our hypothesis was that the serum sample collected in plastic serum tube can be used interchangeably with plasma sample for measurement of digoxin concentration. Our aim was verification of plastic serum tubes for determination of digoxin concentration.

Materials and methods:

Concentration of digoxin was determined simultaneously in 26 venous blood plasma (plastic Vacuette, LH Lithium heparin) and serum (plastic Vacuette, Z Serum Clot activator; both Greiner Bio-One GmbH, Kremsmünster, Austria) samples, on Abbott AxSYM analyzer using the original Abbott Digoxin III assay (Abbott, Wiesbaden, Germany). Tube comparability was assessed using the Passing Bablok regression and Bland-Altman plot.

Results:

Serum and plasma digoxin concentrations are comparable. Passing Bablok intercept (0.08 [95% CI = −0.10 to 0.20]) and slope (0.99 [95% CI = 0.92 to 1.11]) showed there is no constant or proportional error.

Conclusion:

Blood samples drawn in plastic serum tubes and plastic plasma tubes can be interchangeably used for determination of digoxin concentration.     

《春秋谷梁传集解》中的汉注探究

两汉是经学的昌明时代,就儒家经传的诠释而言,因五经立于学官而出现所谓今古文与师法家法之分,并在此基础上形成了汉注特有的灾异说经与注重章句训诂的解经特色。而两汉《谷梁经传》诠释,既凸显了这两大特色,又在形式与内容上具有《春秋》学特有的"日、月、时"例发微与浓重的伦理、礼法思想。     

Toward Cranfield-inspired reusability assessment in interactive information retrieval evaluation

Re-using research resources is essential for advancing knowledge and developing repeatable, empirically solid experiments in scientific fields, including interactive information retrieval (IIR). Despite recent efforts on standardizing research re-use and documentation, how to quantitatively measure the reusability of IIR resources still remains an open challenge. Inspired by the reusability evaluations on Cranfield experiments, our work proactively explores the problem of measuring IIR test collection reusability and makes threefold contributions: (1) constructing a novel usefulness-oriented framework with specific analytical methods for evaluating the reusability of IIR test collections consisting of query sets, document/page sets, and sets of task-document usefulness (tuse); (2) explaining the potential impacts of varying IIR-specific factors (e.g. search tasks, sessions, user characteristics) on test collection reusability; (3) proposing actionable methods for building reusable test collections in IIR and thereby amortizing the true cost of user-oriented evaluations. The Cranfield-inspired reusability assessment framework serves as an initial step towards accurately evaluating the reusability of IIR research resources and measuring the reproducibility of IIR evaluation results. It also demonstrates an innovative approach to integrating the insights from individual heterogeneous user studies with the evaluation techniques developed in standardized ad hoc retrieval experiments, which will facilitate the maturation of IIR fields and eventually benefits both sides of research.     

军人心理情绪稳定性测试仪的研制

未来战争的较量,军人心理素质将发挥重要的作用。目前对心理情绪稳定性的衡量、训练还停留在定性层面,如何量化军人的心理情绪稳定性,强化心理情绪稳定性训练,是急需解决的问题。军人心理情绪稳定性测试仪通过采集受测试军人的心理情绪稳定性数据,经过科学的统计、计算、比对,通过心理测试科学算法来量化个人的心理情绪稳定性、认知能力等心理参数,从而准确评估受测者的心理素质,为进行心理训练和辅导提供可靠依据。     

Preparing for New Degree Plans: Finding the Essential Journal Titles in an Interdisciplinary World

The creation of new degrees at an academic institution often requires additional library resources to provide adequate support. Identifying the needed library materials can be especially difficult for interdisciplinary programs. The process of serials analysis undertaken for new interdisciplinary degrees at the University of Texas at Dallas was explained in this session. The presenter also discussed results and the need for ongoing analysis of serials collections used for academic programs.     

Librarian versus Faculty Selection

No abstract available for this article.     

馆藏现状与图书馆文献流通服务

馆藏现状与图书馆文献流通服务●曹臻ＡＢＳＴＲＡＣＴＡｓｔｈｅｒｅｓｕｌｔｏｆｔｈｅｓｈｏｒｔａｇｅｏｆｆｕｎｄｓ，ｔｈｅｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆｌｉｂｒａｒｙｄｏｃｕｍｅｎｔｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓｈａｓｂｅｅｎｂｅｓｅｔｗｉｔｈｄｉｆｉｃｕｌｔｉｅｓａ...     

图书馆信息资源建设中的数据库建设

提出了图书馆信息资源建设中的数据库建设系统，并着重介绍了书目数据库和特色馆藏数据库，以及虚拟馆藏数据库建设的意义和相关问题，从而让用户了解数据库建设在图书馆信息资源建设中的重要性。