利于专业化众创空间可持续发展的商业模式探索

近年来，以低成本、便利化、全要素、开放式为特点的新型创新平台——众创空间快速发展。先对众创空间的起源与内涵作了梳理，并简要分析中国众创空间发展现状和盈利模式。针对国内众创空间盈利困难的问题，探寻可持续发展根源，以理论联系实际，探索一种新的商业模式。以BIOINN生物技术国家专业化众创空间为例，引入国外较为成功的“概念证明中心”功能，结合现有的专业化众创空间运营模式，基于众创空间价值链视角，构建新的商业模式，利于众创空间的自我造血与可持续发展，对其它专业化众创空间提供参考借鉴和对策建议。     

On the intrinsic value of information objects and the infosphere

What is the most general common set ofattributes that characterises something asintrinsically valuableand hence as subject to some moral respect, andwithout which something would rightly beconsidered intrinsically worthless or even positivelyunworthy and therefore rightly to bedisrespected in itself? Thispaper develops and supports the thesis that theminimal condition of possibility of an entity'sleast intrinsic value is to be identified with itsontological status as an information object.All entities, even when interpreted as only clusters ofinformation, still have a minimal moral worthqua information objects and so may deserve to be respected. Thepaper is organised into four main sections.Section 1 models moral action as an information systemusing the object-oriented programmingmethodology (OOP). Section 2 addresses the question of whatrole the several components constituting themoral system can have in an ethical analysis. If theycan play only an instrumental role, thenComputer Ethics (CE) is probably bound to remain at most apractical, field-dependent, applied orprofessional ethics. However, Computer Ethics can give rise to amacroethical approach, namely InformationEthics (IE), if one can show that ethical concern should beextended to include not only human, animal orbiological entities, but also information objects. Thefollowing two sections show how this minimalistlevel of analysis can be achieved. Section 3 provides anaxiological analysis of information objects. Itcriticises the Kantian approach to the concept ofintrinsic value and shows that it can beimproved by using the methodology introduced in the first section.The solution of the Kantian problem prompts thereformulation of the key question concerningthe moral worth of an entity: what is theintrinsic value of x qua an object constituted by itsinherited attributes? In answering thisquestion, it is argued that entitiescan share different observable propertiesdepending on the level of abstraction adopted,and that it is still possible to speak of moral value even at thehighest level of ontological abstractionrepresented by the informational analysis. Section 4 develops aminimalist axiology based on the concept ofinformation object. It further supports IE's position byaddressing five objections that may undermineits acceptability.     

对社会主义社会劳动和劳动价值论的时代思考

本文在充分肯定马克思劳动和劳动价值理论的历史和现实价值的基础上，分析了100多年以来的时代发展对传统的劳动和劳动价值理论提出的挑战，在时代因素和制度因素的结合上对社会主义社会的劳动和劳动价值理论作了初步分析，提出了深化对社会主义社会的劳动和劳动价值论认识应该创新的几个观念，最后分析了科学认识社会主义社会的劳动和劳动价值论的重要理论和实践意义。     

图书馆知识管理的哲学思考

本文从哲学的思维来分析图书馆知识管理的二重性，论述图书馆知识管理的价值观，应用哲学的观点指导图书馆知识管理的实践活动。     

政府引导型创业基金的管理机构选择方法研究

政府引导型创业基金是政府推动一国创业投资和技术创新发展的重要措施,而通过专业金融机构的运作,又可以发挥财政资金的杠杆作用,因此,在政府引导性创业基金的设立过程中,往往会选择合适的社会管理机构来开展基金的运营管理工作。本文针对政府引导型创业基金管理机构的选择问题进行研究,通过设计4个方面18项具体的评价指标,运用区间值多属性决策方法对银行、信托公司、担保机构、融资租赁公司等管理机构进行综合评价。区间值的运用不仅解决了定性指标赋值的不确定性困难,并且运用了离差最大化的原理,可以根据评价对象样本值的实际情况对指标权重进行动态调整,使该方法具有更好的适用性。     

Ethics and technology design

This article offers a discussion of the connection between technology and values and, specifically, I take a closer look at ethically sound design. In order to bring the discussion into a concrete context, the theory of Value Sensitive Design (VSD) will be the focus point. To illustrate my argument concerning design ethics, the discussion involves a case study of an augmented window, designed by the VSD Research Lab, which has turned out to be a potentially surveillance-enabling technology. I call attention to a “positivist problem” that has to do with the connection between the design context and the use context, which VSD seems to presuppose, and I argue that it is necessary to clearly distinguish between the two, since the designers’ intentions do not always correspond with the users’ practice; in fact, the relation between design and use is very complex and principally unpredictable. Thus, a design theory must accept that foresight is limited to anticipation rather than prediction. To overcome the positivist problem, I suggest a phenomenological approach to technology inspired by Don Ihde’s concept of multistability. This argument, which is general in nature and thus applies to any theory of design ethics, is intended as a constructive criticism, which can hopefully contribute to the further development of design ethics.     

基于能值理论的宁夏荒漠化治理生态经济效应研究

运用能值理论分析宁夏荒漠化治理工程实施前后生态经济系统投入和产出的变化情况,评价该地区荒漠化治理的生态经济效应。研究表明,该地区能值产出量的增长幅度大于投入增长幅度,总能值产出结构向多元化发展;在能值投入结构方面,不可更新环境资源和可更新有机能投入量出现下降趋势;能值投资率和环境负载率呈先增加后减少的趋势,净能值产出率呈现先增后降再增长的趋势;系统的功能逐步完善,生态和经济向协调方向发展。     

基于检索相关性转移的本体论检索系统

本文在讨论了当前情报检索系统的相关性判断基础上，指出在相关性判断的多维度多层次的复杂概念中用户关心的是语用相关，但多数检索系统仅能提供形式相关，运用本体论的基本原理，建立了本体论的情报检索系统，该系统在一定程度上实现了检索的语言相关判断。     

改进挣值法在大型科研项目进度—成本管理的应用

采用一种基于关键线路的改进挣值法,通过在某大型科研项目实施管理中的应用,印证改进的必要性和良好的管理效果。     

权力的性质与组织结构的演变

权力在组织结构中扮演着重要角色。本文通过对以前权力理论进行比较分析后,对权力的性质进行新的阐述,提出了用权位值对权力进行量化的思路。根据这种阐述,不但能揭示权力的本质,而且还可以了解权力结构与组织结构在演变中的互动作用,预测了两者未来的发展趋势。