固体氧化物燃料电池的现状与发展

固体氧化物燃料电池是将燃料中的化学能直接转化为电能的电化学装置，具有高效率、零污 染、无噪声等特点。它可以为民用、商业、军事和交通运输等提供高质量的电源。这一技术 的成功应用对于缓解能源危机、满足对电力数量和质量的需求、保护生态环境和国家安全都 具有重大的意义。本文简略地介绍了固体氧化物燃料电池及其现状和存在的问题，并就作者 的观点提出了值得深入研究的课题。     

我国瓜类细胞工程研究进展

综述了我国瓜类细胞工程,包括组织、器官、细胞和原生质体培养及体细胞突变体筛选、转基因等领域的研究进展及其在育种中的应用,指出了目前该研究领域存在的问题和今后的研究方向。认为应建立和完善各种瓜类,特别是我国特产瓜类的离体培养体系,加强瓜类细胞工程及其实用化研究,如抗性突变体离体筛选研究、瓜类小孢子培养及未受精子房培养研究等,以创造优异种质资源,提高育种效率,服务于瓜类育种实践。     

The influence of race length on arterial compliance following an ultra-endurance marathon

There is inconclusive evidence concerning the effects of routine participation in ultra-endurance events on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Arterial compliance is a reliable, non-invasive, and effective tool for evaluating CVD risk. The purpose of this research was to examine if race length influences acute changes in arterial compliance following an ultra-marathon event. A total of 46 ultra-marathon runners were recruited including 21 participants (39.8?±?8.3?years, 6 females) in the 80-km event and 25 participants (43.7?±?9.8?years, 3 female) in the 195-km event. Arterial compliance was measured via radial applanation tonometry (CR-2000, HDI) for diastolic pulse contour analysis before and following the race. Significant between-group differences were found for changes in large arterial compliance with a decrease (increase in stiffness) following the 195-km event and an increase following the 80-kilometre event (p?<?.05). Longer race lengths are associated with greater reductions in large arterial compliance following recreational ultra-marathon running. Assessment of arterial compliance might be a useful prognostic tool to assess the long-term risk of CVD among ultra-marathon runners.     

Resting MAPK expression in chronically trained endurance runners

Purpose: There is a paucity of research investigating the expression of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) in chronically trained (CT) athletes. Thus, it is unclear how MAPK may contribute to performance and muscle adaptation in CT subjects. The purpose of this study was to determine MAPK total protein, and phosphorylated expression of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38-MAPK (p38) between untrained, and chronically trained runners. Methods: Tissue samples were analysed from sedentary (SED; n?=?5) controls and chronically trained runners (CT; n?=?5). Resting muscle biopsy samples were analysed for total-MAPK – and ratio of phosphorylated/total (p-MAPK) – ERK1/2, JNK, and p38-MAPK via western blotting. Mann–Whitney U tests and effect sizes were utilized to determine differences in total MAPK protein content and phosphorylation status between SED and CT subjects. Results: There was no difference in total-MAPK expression between SED and CT (p?>?.05). p-p38-MAPK tended to be greater for CT compared to SED (p?=?.07). There were moderate effect sizes of decreased pERK/total-ERK (d?=??0.69) and increased pJNK/total-JNK (d?=?0.54) in CT compared to SED. There was a positive correlation between p-p38-MAPK/total-MAPK and the percentage of type I fibres (r?=?0.73, p?=?.016). Conclusion: Contrary to previous studies, chronic endurance training does not greatly influence total MAPK protein expression in chronically trained runners. However, resting phosphorylation of p38-MAPK may contribute to enhanced oxidative metabolism at chronically trained levels. These alterations are likely involved in the different physiological adaptations that occur following long-term training or at highly competitive levels.     

运动训练中内皮素与心血管系统关系的综述

为了了解运动训练中内皮素对心血管系统的作用.采用文献资料法论述了内皮素的主要生理作用,综述了国内外有关内皮素与运动训练关系的研究现状及该领域研究中存在的问题.研究表明:适宜强度的有氧耐力运动,可以改善内皮素的释放量进而有利于心血管系统在运动训练中的适应.     

机械牵拉刺激对大鼠骨骼肌卫星细胞增殖的影响

目的：探讨机械拉伸刺激对骨骼肌卫星细胞增殖能力的影响。方法：通过Flexercell细胞拉伸力学装置对骨骼肌卫星细胞施加5％、15％和25％拉伸应变加载实验，用CCK-8法检测细胞受机械刺激后的增殖变化，采用BCA蛋白测定试剂盒测定细胞总蛋白含量。结果：骨骼肌卫星细胞受机械张力刺激后，发现卫星细胞增殖能力增强，蛋白含量增加，其中，15％拉伸应变率的促增殖与对照组有显著性差异（P〈0．01）。结论：机械刺激可以促进体外卫星细胞的增殖能力，细胞增殖能力与细胞所受刺激的负荷大小有关。     

不同负荷训练对大鼠骨骼肌细胞膜自由基代谢、膜流动性及Na~+-K~+-ATP酶活性的影响

探讨不同负荷游泳训练对大鼠骨骼肌细胞膜结构和功能的影响。分别测试不同负荷下膜的抗氧化酶SOD、膜脂质过氧化产物MDA、膜荧光偏振度(P)及膜Na+-K+-ATP酶活性的变化。与对照组相比,小负荷训练组骨骼肌细胞膜P值降低,膜SOD活性、Na+-K+-ATP酶活性提高,膜上MDA含量则降低;大负荷训练组较小负荷组肌膜P值增加,膜SOD活性、Na+-K+-ATP酶活性下降。适宜负荷训练可以提高骨骼肌细胞膜的抗氧化能力,改善膜脂的流动性,使膜Na+-K+-ATP酶活性增强,而过大负荷训练则使骨骼肌细胞膜的抗氧化能力、膜脂的流动性及膜酶活性降低。     

耐力训练与静电场对大白鼠心肌细胞超微结构的影响

分析非训练型与训练型大白鼠力竭运动后心肌细胞超微结构的变化及在恢复过程中经静电场短时间处理,心肌细胞恢复的实验结果,认为动物在力竭运动后经静电场短时间处理,可加速细胞结构的恢复过程,其加速恢复的作用与长期训练所起的作用相类似。     

运动性贫血及营养干预对大鼠红细胞老化的影响

目的:观察长时间递增负荷运动后以及营养干预对大鼠红细胞老化的影响,试图探讨运动性贫血的发生机制以及相关的防治方法。方法:本实验在大鼠运动性贫血模型的基础上,选取唾液酸(SA)、丝氨酸磷脂(PS)外翻率的测定,并结合激光共聚焦技术研究红细胞的老化。结果:运动性贫血时大鼠红细胞唾液酸(SA)较对照组明显降低(P<0.05),丝氨酸磷脂(PS)外翻率较对照组明显增加(P<0.01);抗运动性贫血剂能明显提高大鼠红细胞唾液酸(SA)的含量(P<0.05),并显著降低(PS)外翻率(P<0.05)。结论:运动性贫血大鼠红细胞老化增加,抗运动性贫血剂通过降低自由基的生成,有效减少红细胞的老化,改善红细胞损伤来治疗运动性贫血。