SA/rGO@CuS光热转化复合相变材料制备及性能研究的综合实验设计

结合科研工作热点和学科前沿方向,该文设计了“SA/rGO@CuS光热转化复合相变材料制备及性能研究”综合性实验.将具有光吸收能力的硫化铜(CuS)纳米粒子负载在具有高导热系数的还原氧化石墨烯(rGO)上,制备得到rGO@CuS复合物,以其为载体材料负载相变芯材十八酸(SA),设计制备出具有光捕集、光热转换和定形相变储能...     

‘Who is zooming who’? A study of young PE-students in their figurations

The article presents an analysis of 93 essays written in an upper secondary school context. The essays were collected in relation to a larger research project, which went on for 5 years in a Danish upper secondary school (2010–2015). The material represents both genders and the students are 15–17 years old. We deploy a theoretical framework taken from Norbert Elias’ notion on established-outsider relations [Elias, N., &; Scotson, J. L. (1994 [1965]). The established and the outsiders. London: SAGE] as well as his use of personal pronouns [Elias, N. (1978). What is sociology? London: Hutchinson, Elias, N. (2001). The society of individuals. New York: The Continuum International Publishing Group] in illustrating how people negotiate, position and navigate within figurational contexts [Elias, N. (1994 [1939]). The civilizing proces. Oxford: Blackwell.]. We do this in an effort to interpret how young people negotiate ‘we-I-relations’ when it comes to their sporting identity. Elias’ processual framework provides a tool for a much needed analysis of how young people continually orientate and develop their sense of selves. The web of human interdependencies and processes of change are key words when it comes to understanding the social practices and doings of the students’ constructions of self-steering. What social scientists may see as laziness and drop-outs of sports [Seippel, Ø. (2016). Prek, vekker og kjedelig? Trening og mening blant ungdom: 1985–2013. In Ø. Seippel, M. K. Sisjord, &; Å Strandbu (Eds.), Ungdom og Idrett. Oslo: Cappelen Damm Akademisk] can in the essays of students be analysed as a struggle for group connectedness and social inclusion in the classroom. The results of our research show that identity is a multiple concept and an ongoing process of emotional work [Elias, N. (1987). On human beings and their emotions: A process-sociological essay. Theory Culture Society, 4, 339–361], but also a power balance of playing and presenting what is imagined as the right performance as not being shamed as outcasts.     

The carbon footprint of active sport participants

Researchers examining carbon dioxide-equivalent emissions (carbon footprint) in sport have focused on sport events and, to a lesser extent, sport teams, but provided only average or aggregate values. The author takes the perspective of active sport participants and considers the heterogeneity of individual sport participation behavior. Using online surveys, adult active sport participants (n = 6537) in 20 different sports with main residence in Germany were asked to report their sport-travel behavior in 2015, including traveling in the context of regular (weekly) activity, sport competitions/tournaments, league games, day trips, and training camps/vacations. Annual carbon footprints were estimated using information about travel distances and transportation means. The results revealed an average annual carbon footprint of 844 kg of carbon dioxide-equivalent emissions, with individual sports producing more emissions than team/racket sports. Participants in nature sports had the highest emission levels. Regression analyses revealed that environmental consciousness significantly reduced carbon footprint in individual sports, but not in team/racket and nature sports, supporting the existence of an environmental value-action gap. Activity years, club membership, weekly exercise hours, performance level, and income were mainly positively associated with annual carbon footprint, while gender was insignificant. The findings have implications for policy makers and managers in sport associations and clubs.     

Temporal trends in 6-minute walking distance for older Japanese adults between 1998 and 2017

BackgroundThe 6-minute walking distance (6MWD) is an excellent measure of both functional endurance and health. The primary aim of this study was to estimate temporal trends in 6MWD for older Japanese adults between 1998 and 2017; the secondary aim was to estimate concurrent trends in body size (i.e., height and mass) and self-reported participation in exercise/sport.MethodsAdults aged 65–79 years were included. Annual nationally representative 6MWD data (n = 103,505) for the entire period were obtained from the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. Temporal trends in means (and relative frequencies) were estimated at the gender–age level by best-fitting sample-weighted linear/polynomial regression models, with national trends estimated by a post-stratified population-weighting procedure. Temporal trends in distributional variability were estimated as the ratio of coefficients of variation.ResultsBetween 1998 and 2017 there was a steady, moderate improvement in mean 6MWD (absolute = 45 m (95% confidence interval (95%CI): 43–47); percent = 8.0% (95%CI: 7.6%–8.4%); effect size = 0.51 (95%CI: 0.48–0.54)). Gender- and age-related temporal differences in means were negligible. Variability in 6MWD declined substantially (ratio of coefficients of variation = 0.89, 95%CI: 0.87–0.92), with declines larger for women compared to men, and for 75–79-year-olds compared to 65–74-year-olds. Correspondingly, there were moderate and negligible increases in mean height and mass, respectively, and negligible increases in the percentage who participated in exercise/sport at least 3 days per week and at least 30 min per session.ConclusionThere has been a steady, moderate improvement in mean 6MWD for older Japanese adults since 1998, which is suggestive of corresponding improvements in both functional endurance and health. The substantial decline in variability indicates that the temporal improvement in mean 6MWD was not uniform across the distribution. Trends in 6MWD are probably influenced by corresponding trends in body size and/or participation in exercise/sport.     

浅析初唐四杰文论

"初唐四杰"王、杨、卢、骆不仅对六朝文学遗风进行了批判,而且在实践创作中进行了文学变革,并形成了自己的创作论,发唐诗之始音。     

气候变化对黄河首曲地区草地生态退化的影响

黄河在甘肃玛曲县境内形成了一个长433km“U”字形的第一弯，这里拥有大面积亚高山草甸类草场和沼泽湿地，被誉为亚洲最好的牧场之一，但是，近50年来黄河首曲草地生态逆向演替，草场退化、沙化，水土流失，生物多样性减少，生态功能弱化。利用黄河首曲玛曲县草地与湿地气候资料和生态观测资料及统计资料，分析研究表明：造成生态环境退化的主要原因是气候变化和环境蠕变。玛曲县降水量年际变化呈下降趋势，气温年际变化趋势呈上升趋势，增温速度均大于全国增温速度。草地年干燥指数呈显著上升趋势，20世纪80年代末至2004年明显趋于干旱化，气候变化是草地生态退化的自然诱发因素，而超载过牧，滥采乱挖，人为破坏，生物链失衡等环境蠕变是造成生态退化的人为因素,二者共同作用导致黄河首曲草地生态环境退化。为此，提出了适应高原草地生态环境演替规律的生态环境保护对策。     

土地覆盖/利用变化对中国区域气候的影响

气候系统中的陆-气相互作用长期以来已经得到广泛的关注,但是直到最近,区域尺度上土地覆盖/利用变化对气候影响的统计事实分析仍非常少,模拟研究中植被对气候变化响应的描述不足.本文系统研究了陆-气相互作用对区域气候的影响,尤其针对上面所提到的两个方面.通过对前期的植被覆盖状况和夏季降水的关系研究为植被覆盖变化对区域气候的影响提供了观测统计上的证据,并进一步分辨出中国北方过渡带可能是植被-大气相互作用的最敏感地区.通过比较观测站点和再分析资料的年代际趋势表明城市化和其他的土地利用变化对气候变暖产生了贡献,使中国东部的平均气温升高了0.12 ℃/10 a.区域气候模拟还表明,中国北方过渡带及其附近地区的植被退化对表面气候和大气环流都带来了显著影响,它们的变化与观测的年代际异常以及我们统计分析的结果一致.表明地表退化可能是中国近几十年气候异常的重要原因之一.最后我们探讨了改进后的动态植被参数化方案在区域气候模拟中的作用.     

太行山区典型植被下降水入渗的稳定同位素特征分析

本研究以位于太行山区北部的河北易县崇陵流域为对象,对流域内三种典型植被（荒草、刺槐林、侧柏林）下不同深度土层的土壤水及流域内降水进行同步观测及取样,室内进行稳定同位素氘和氧-18含量测定,以^18O为例对降水入渗过程中的稳定同住素变化进行了研究。通过对2004年的数据进行分析,获得崇陵流域当地大气降水线（δD=6．244δ^18 O—7．158,R^2=0．7727,n=55）,其降水中稳定同位素时间变化波动较大且缺少规律性,降水中稳定同位素含量同降水量呈二次相关关系,大于15mm的降水雨量效应较显著。土壤水中的稳定同位素较降水普遍富集,其中荒草地土壤水中稳定同位素值较刺槐林地和侧柏林地整体偏高,表现出较强的蒸发分馏作用。土壤水中的δ^18O的时间变化波动较大,表层10cm土壤水δ^18O受降水中的δ^18O直接影响,呈现一定的响应关系。深层次土壤水中δ^18O变化则有一定滞后性。不同植被覆盖下δ^18O的时间变化的活跃层深度不同,同其土壤特征和植被覆盖类型有关。δ^18O的剖面垂向空间变化上有两种类型,随深度增加基本都呈富集的趋势。土壤水中稳定同位素的时间变化和垂向空间分布,反映了一种降水入渗和蒸散发的平衡关系,其垂向空间变化很好地记录了降水从地表向下入渗的过程。     

近50年来东北地区气温变化时空特征分析

运用MHF小波分析、非参数统计检验Mann-kendall法及Yamamoto法对东北地区91个气象站点近50年的气候资料进行了温度变化的时空特征分析,结果表明:东北地区近50年来年均气温存在着明显的增温趋势,变化幅度为0.36 ℃/10年,明显高于全国的平均增温幅度,冬季和春季对东北地区年均气温上升趋势贡献率最大,两者的变化幅度分别为0.6 ℃/10年和0.4 ℃/10年。年、季节的温度变化趋势在空间上存在差异,对于年均温而言,近50年来整个东北地区的升温幅度较大的地区位于小兴安岭,松嫩平原大部及大兴安岭山地北端;大兴安岭南端、燕山山地东侧,辽河平原、辽东山地及长白山地大部变化幅度较小,本溪周围为整个东北地区气温变化幅度最小的地区。东北地区气温年变化具有明显的14年振荡周期,年代际特征明显,突变点分别为1964年和1988年,后者为强突变点。     

集约化农区耕地利用变化及其驱动机制分析

以河北省曲周县为集约化农区的典型样区，利用统计资料和典型调查数据，对曲周县1973年到2000年耕地利用变化进行了分析；在此基础上探讨了县域耕地利用变化的驱动机制。分析表明，曲周县耕地面积年均递减率为0.026%，但高产田面积、水浇地面积、粮食播种面积单产分别增加了4.91倍、2.15倍和7.26倍；耕地内部种植结构表现为小麦播种面积稳定，玉米和棉花面积变化起伏大，蔬菜面积不断上升。耕地减少的直接原因是建设占用，耕地质量的提高主要是中低产田改造的结果，粮食产量提高的直接驱动因子是科学技术进步、间接驱动因素是农用土地政策的改革。