行为转变理论模式在社区居民体育健身锻炼行为干预中的运用

调查沈阳市铁西区和淄博市张店区社区居民体育健身锻炼行为现况,采用行为转变理论模式对居民健身锻炼实施不同的干预措施。结果发现,社区居民在体育健身锻炼行为各阶段的情况是:打算转变前阶段的居民占45.03%,打算转变阶段占13.91%,准备行动阶段占13.41%,行动阶段占16.05%,巩固阶段占12.58%。干预前后社区居民对体育健身锻炼重要性的认识、保持锻炼的信念和参与体育健身锻炼的百分率均有较大的提高,居民参与锻炼的人数也有增加,干预组与对照组之间的差异有显著性意义(P<0.01)。     

重庆市制造业的绿色经济增长核算:2001—2010

基于生产前沿理论的绿色经济增长核算模型,不仅将技术无效率和环境代价纳入了分析框架,而且还与"物质平衡思路"一致;该模型将绿色经济增长的源泉分解为环境约束下的技术进步、技术效率变化和资本深化3大部分。对重庆市27个制造行业的经验分析结论表明:经济增长中普遍存在着技术无效率现象,但50%以上行业的技术效率都得到了改善或维持不变;资本深化是经济增长的主要源泉,而技术进步主导的全要素生产率变动在其中的贡献相对较小;技术进步是引致全要素生产率增长的主要原因。为充分发挥重庆市制造业可持续发展潜力,后续发展中必须转变经济发展方式,在环境约束下走技术进步和技术效率改善的绿色全要素生产率增长之路。     

The carbon footprint of active sport participants

Researchers examining carbon dioxide-equivalent emissions (carbon footprint) in sport have focused on sport events and, to a lesser extent, sport teams, but provided only average or aggregate values. The author takes the perspective of active sport participants and considers the heterogeneity of individual sport participation behavior. Using online surveys, adult active sport participants (n = 6537) in 20 different sports with main residence in Germany were asked to report their sport-travel behavior in 2015, including traveling in the context of regular (weekly) activity, sport competitions/tournaments, league games, day trips, and training camps/vacations. Annual carbon footprints were estimated using information about travel distances and transportation means. The results revealed an average annual carbon footprint of 844 kg of carbon dioxide-equivalent emissions, with individual sports producing more emissions than team/racket sports. Participants in nature sports had the highest emission levels. Regression analyses revealed that environmental consciousness significantly reduced carbon footprint in individual sports, but not in team/racket and nature sports, supporting the existence of an environmental value-action gap. Activity years, club membership, weekly exercise hours, performance level, and income were mainly positively associated with annual carbon footprint, while gender was insignificant. The findings have implications for policy makers and managers in sport associations and clubs.     

‘Who is zooming who’? A study of young PE-students in their figurations

The article presents an analysis of 93 essays written in an upper secondary school context. The essays were collected in relation to a larger research project, which went on for 5 years in a Danish upper secondary school (2010–2015). The material represents both genders and the students are 15–17 years old. We deploy a theoretical framework taken from Norbert Elias’ notion on established-outsider relations [Elias, N., &; Scotson, J. L. (1994 [1965]). The established and the outsiders. London: SAGE] as well as his use of personal pronouns [Elias, N. (1978). What is sociology? London: Hutchinson, Elias, N. (2001). The society of individuals. New York: The Continuum International Publishing Group] in illustrating how people negotiate, position and navigate within figurational contexts [Elias, N. (1994 [1939]). The civilizing proces. Oxford: Blackwell.]. We do this in an effort to interpret how young people negotiate ‘we-I-relations’ when it comes to their sporting identity. Elias’ processual framework provides a tool for a much needed analysis of how young people continually orientate and develop their sense of selves. The web of human interdependencies and processes of change are key words when it comes to understanding the social practices and doings of the students’ constructions of self-steering. What social scientists may see as laziness and drop-outs of sports [Seippel, Ø. (2016). Prek, vekker og kjedelig? Trening og mening blant ungdom: 1985–2013. In Ø. Seippel, M. K. Sisjord, &; Å Strandbu (Eds.), Ungdom og Idrett. Oslo: Cappelen Damm Akademisk] can in the essays of students be analysed as a struggle for group connectedness and social inclusion in the classroom. The results of our research show that identity is a multiple concept and an ongoing process of emotional work [Elias, N. (1987). On human beings and their emotions: A process-sociological essay. Theory Culture Society, 4, 339–361], but also a power balance of playing and presenting what is imagined as the right performance as not being shamed as outcasts.     

Light-load maximal lifting velocity full squat training program improves important physical and skill characteristics in futsal players

This study aimed to compare the effect of 6 weeks of resistance training or combined resistance training and change of direction exercises on physical performance and motor skills in futsal players. Thirty-four futsal players were divided into full squat group (SG, n = 12), combined full squat and change of direction exercises group (S+CDG, n = 12) and control group (CG, n = 10). The resistance training for SG consisted of full squat with low load (~45–58% 1RM) and low volume (4–6 repetitions), whereas the S+CDG performed the same resistance training program combined with loaded change of direction. Sprint time in 10 and 20 m, change of direction test, countermovement vertical jump (CMJ) height, maximal strength and force–velocity relationship in full squat exercise, kicking speed ball (BS_mean) and repeated sprint ability (RSA_mean) were selected as testing variables. Both experimental groups showed significant improvements for CMJ, BS_mean and all strength parameters. Only SG resulted in significant sprint gains, whereas S+CDG also achieved significant improvements in RSA_mean. The CG remained unchanged after training period. No significant differences were found between both experimental groups. These findings suggest that only 12 sessions of either lightweight resistance training alone, lifting the load at maximal intended velocity or combined with change of direction exercises is enough to improve several physical and skills capacities critical to futsal performance in adult players.     

浅析初唐四杰文论

"初唐四杰"王、杨、卢、骆不仅对六朝文学遗风进行了批判,而且在实践创作中进行了文学变革,并形成了自己的创作论,发唐诗之始音。     

浙江乡村汉族6～22岁学生身高生长发育自然增长变化特征的比较研究

依据《2000年全国学生体质与健康调研报告》中所颁布的调研数据，对浙江乡村汉族6～22岁学生身高生长发育自然增长变化的特征进行系统的比较分析研究。结果显示：浙江乡村汉族男、女生身高自然增长值和自然增长率百分比，其大小排序的年龄段与全国乡村汉族男、女生的不同，其中男生的年龄段要少于全国（7／⑨），其整体增长水平也低于全国整体增长水平（3．56cm／5．37cm）女生的年龄段要多于全国（9／⑦），但其整体增长水平要低于全国整体增长水平（4．77cm／5．00cm）。     

浅谈太极拳作为老年人健身项目的优越性

老年人群是一个在生理和心理都处于特殊阶段的人群,在选择健身养生项目时受到自身生理和心理条件的限制。太极拳是中华传统武术项目之一,扎根于中国传统哲学、中国传统养生学、中国传统医学、中国传统美学等多学科的广袤而深厚的领域,动作舒缓,易学易记,以意导气,雍容大雅,飘举若仙,松静自然,道法天地,身心合修,是老年人理想的健身养生项目。文章从现代健康观的角度,对太极拳对老年人的身体、心理和社会适应能力等方面的影响进行了分析研究,为老年人选择健身养生项目提出参考建议。     

新疆锡伯族3—6岁幼儿身体形态特征及其变化规律的研究

运用调查和数理统计法,对新疆锡伯族3—6幼儿,681人的身高、体重、坐高、胸围、皮褶厚以及相关派生指标进行研究和探索,从而揭示出锡伯族幼儿的身体形态特征和变化规律,结果表明：新疆锡伯族男女幼儿身体形态各项指标呈稳定增长趋势,但性别间、年龄间增速不同,呈现出一定的规律;不同性别间幼儿身体形态存在差异;男幼儿的骨骼、肌肉、内脏器官及身体的充实度、密度的生长发育优于女幼儿。男女4—5岁组,无论是骨骼、肌肉和内脏器官及身体的充实度、密度都处于增长最快的时期。通过与全国和维吾尔族比较,锡伯族幼儿的形态相对粗壮而结实。     

促进身体锻炼行为的阶段性改变理论研究述评

身体锻炼行为转变的研究源自促进个体健康的研究,身体锻炼行为研究是健康促进研究的一个重要领域。促进身体锻炼行为的研究是这一领域的重要内容。为了解释身体活动行为或者为了说明身体锻炼行为受哪些因素影响,研究人员提出了一些身体锻炼行为的理论模型,行为的阶段性改变理论是其中重要的理论之一。行为的阶段性改变模式把行为阶段和过程的概念应用到为了行为的改变而设计的可变程序活动中。这些阶段通过一系列修正行为的活动与行为改变联系在一起,认为修正行为的活动过程就是行为改变的过程。