匈奴史事与北方森林植被

这篇章根据历史记载，结合考古研究成果、岩画石刻以及孢子花粉分析结果等，大致勾勒了先秦两汉时期匈奴驻牧地区-现今祖国北方的森林植被状况，供大家与现在相同地区的自然环境状况比较。本的写作目的，就是要利用古今植被状况的巨大变化和强烈反差，来警示人们对生态环境的冷漠和麻木，唤起国民保护草木植被的紧迫责任感和实际行动。     

谈孙中山对新文化运动态度的变化

孙中山对新文化运动的态度可以分为3个阶段。“五四”运动之前,他主要是对其进行观察,极少表态。“五四”运动期间,他对青年学生的爱国热情和行动表示支持,对新文化运动表现出同情的态度。“五四”运动之后,他在肯定中国传统文化的同时,对新文化运动持怀疑的态度。这种变化,是他对新文化运动的缺点的认识逐渐清晰的结果。     

冬季如何提高室内体育课的质量

每当“千里冰封万里雪飘”之际，到处是一片白雪皑皑的世界时，室外已无法上体育课。如何上好高质量的室内体育课，是我们每位体育教师共同探讨的课题。 由于北方各地的冬季漫长（11月到1月），体育教师在制定教学计划和进度时，应根据当地气候环境和学校现有的条件等作周密的安排，合理的开展室内体育教学。室内体育课大致有：讲授体育与健康的基本知识，身体素质练习，运动技能及室内体育游戏的开展等。     

Effects of Conceptual Change and Traditional Confirmatory Simulations on Pre-Service Teachers’ Understanding of Direct Current Circuits

The objective of this research is to investigate the effects of simulations based on conceptual change conditions (CCS) and traditional confirmatory simulations (TCS) on pre-service elementary school teachers’ understanding of direct current electric circuits. The data was collected from a sample consisting of 89 students; 48 students in the experimental group who were taught simulations based on CCS, and 41 students in control group who followed the TCS. Subjects in both groups used open source software (Qucs) to simulate electric circuits. All students were administered Electric Circuits Concepts Test (DIRECT), Science Process Skills Test, Physics Attitude Scale, and Computer Attitude Scale before the treatment. Pre-test analyses revealed that there is no significant difference between experimental and control groups in terms of understanding of direct current electricity. After completing 3 weeks treatment, all students received the DIRECT again as a post-test. Analysis of covariance was used. Science process skills and attitudes toward computers were taken as covariates. The results showed that the conceptual change based simulations caused significantly better acquisition of conceptual change of direct current electricity concepts than the confirmatory simulation. While science process skills and attitudes towards computer made significant contributions to the variations in achievement, gender differences and interactions between gender and treatment did not. Eleven weeks later, the DIRECT was reapplied to the students in both groups. Eleven weeks delayed post-test results showed that the experimental group outperformed the control group in understanding of direct current electric concepts.     

Is academic tracking related to gains in learning competence? Using propensity score matching and differential item change functioning analysis for better understanding of tracking implications

This study analyzes gains in cognitive components of learning competence with respect to cohorts based on ability tracking in a Czech longitudinal study. Propensity score matching is used to form parallelized samples of academic and non-academic track students and to eliminate the effect of selective school intake. We applied regression models on the total scores to test for the overall track effect. Furthermore, we analyze scores and gains on the subscores and check for differential item functioning in Grade 6 and in change to Grade 9. While after 3 years, no significant difference between the two tracks was apparent in the total learning competence score, we did, however, find significant differences in some subscores and in the functioning of some items. We argue that item-level analysis is important for deeper understanding of the tracking implications and may provide the basis for more precise evidence-based decisions regarding the tracking policy.     

Mature students’ journey into higher education in the UK: an interpretative phenomenological analysis

ABSTRACT

This article reports on issues of diversity in the context of widening participation in global higher education (HE). Mature students represent a third of the HE student population in Australia, Canada, UK and the USA. More research is needed to understand factors that can facilitate or hinder access to HE for this group. The aim of this study was to examine factors that a small group of mature students perceived influenced them as they made the decision to take up HE. Six undergraduate students at a British university who were on track to finish their studies took part in semi-structured interviews. All participants were white and from families with no previous experience of HE. Mean age was 42.7 years (range 35–51), and 50% were female. The interviews were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Through using phenomenological analysis to analyse perceptions of changing motivation and goals during the decision-making process to take up HE, a detailed understanding of the complexity of these change processes was obtained. The analysis offers evidence that mature students experience far-reaching personal and social changes related to their decision to enter HE and adds a novel understanding of these identity-changes. This new insight is of fundamental importance to the field because the novel understanding of mature students’ meaning-making could be used to tailor interventions to facilitate access to HE for mature students.     

王安石翻案诗的政治解读及其诗史意义

王安石好作翻案诗,早期的翻案诗多在立意上翻新,包括转移视点执其一端立论和推陈出新两种主要方式。这一类翻案诗多为咏史诗,"有所为而为"的写作态度使之精深峭拔,最见荆公襟怀,必须结合王安石的政治关怀和当时的政治背景来解读此类诗作,泥于字句很容易与原旨产生偏离。王安石晚期的翻案诗创作多为诗法翻新,主要包括反用前人诗意及典故、章法上的推倒扶起和句法上的前后反覆三个方面。此类诗为宋诗新变指出了一条新的门径,以往文学史研究多强调荆公体或半山体对唐诗的回归,对此多有忽略。     

汉语有标被动式主流类型更替中的适者生存规律

汉语中带有语法标记的被动式,经历了以"于"字式为主流类型、以"为A所V"式为主流类型和以"被AV"式为主流类型等几个历史发展阶段。主流类型的形成和更替,显示了"适者生存"规律在语言发展进化过程中的作用。     

服务型乡镇政府的行政资源配置探析

随着中央"一号文件"的贯彻落实和农村税费改革的深入,特别是"工业反哺农业,城市反哺农村"方针的实施,农业与农村工作形势发生了巨大变化。在新形势下,如何促进乡镇政府转型,满足社会主义新农村对社会管理与公共服务的需求,是摆在我们面前的一个重大课题,而只有以服务型乡镇政府为视角重塑乡镇职能,并围绕职能的转变促进乡镇行政资源的优化配置,才可以从根本上解决阻碍服务型乡镇政府建设的瓶颈问题,从而促进新一轮乡镇机构改革与城乡经济社会的协调发展。     

组织行为学视阈下高校马克思主义大众化实现路径研究——动机激励与态度改变

为了保证马克思主义大众化在高校的顺利推进,除了教师、党团组织等推进主体的努力之外,还必须有接受者即大学生的内在配合。内外因素的共同作用,才能确实、有效地完成这一历史性任务。通过设置目标、满足需求等方式可以激发大学生学习马克思主义理论的动机,通过优化信息传递方式等途径可以改变大学生对待马克思主义理论的态度。充分运用组织行为学的激励理论,将有利于促进马克思主义大众化在高校的有效进行。