国家政策与学术前沿的嬗变——2016年前后智库研究文献的比较分析

[目的/意义]对智库研究从学术边缘走向前沿的主要原因进行探讨,以论证国家政策变化是促进哲学社会科学学术前沿嬗变的重要因素之一。[研究设计/方法]利用文献计量学方法,对2016年前后的智库研究文献的形式特征和内容变化进行了基于数据的深入分析。[结论/发现]在国家需要和项目引导下,不同学科的学者都开始涉足并从不同视角加强了智库研究。2016年后,智库研究成果加速增长,研究主题日益多元,从学术边缘走到了学术前沿。[创新/价值]以从学术边缘走向前沿的智库研究为切入点,通过文献计量分析方法,分析论证了国家政策变化与学术前沿变化之间的关系。     

职教课程开发的逆向思维——"宽基础、活模块"课程模式再论之二

在KH模式研发过程中,推出了符合国情,适用于职业学校教育的横向集群、纵向集群两大类开发方法。“宽基础”和“活模块”的开发,均运用以就业为导向的逆向思维,均从职业对从业者素质的实际需要出发筛选、组织教学内容。“宽基础”是学生在一个职业群中择业、转岗、晋升的基础,着力于毕业生今后职业生涯发展;“活模块”是“零距离”上岗能力的强化,着力于毕业生首次就业顸岗能力的提高。     

问题和出路:从部属高师教育免费发展趋势看地方高师教育

当前,中国政府正在推进部属高师教育的免费政策,造就出明显的教育优先发展态势。但同时也给地方高师带来了强大冲击和挑战,其生存和发展空间受到挤压。在这种形势下,地方高师何去何从,是继续收费,还是免费?这是一个值得深入思考的问题。按照地方和中央保持高度一致的原则,结合地方高师教育地位与发展存在的问题,我们应把部属高师教育免费政策扩展到"地方高师教育"并在新的视角之下探讨其内涵及可持续发展战略。     

Three universities in Georgia, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan: the struggle against corruption and for social cohesion

Universities may contribute to a nation’s social cohesion through both direct and indirect means. In their syllabi they may include techniques necessary for understanding complex social problems. Faculty may model good behaviour in terms of listening and understanding points of view that may contradict their own. University administrators may illustrate ways to lead honourably, which can enhance the chances for achieving consensus with respect to future dilemmas. This project assessed typical areas of university tension, including academic freedom, equity of participation and academic honesty. Three different universities were chosen as sites for faculty interviews—a foreign private university in Kyrgyzstan, a flagship state university in Georgia, and a regional teacher training college recently upgraded to university status in Northeast Kazakhstan. Results suggest that the single most important arena wherein universities can influence social cohesion in these countries is the manner by which they address education corruption. The paper reproduces the statements of those faculty members who participate in corruption as well as those who refuse to participate. It concludes with some predictions about the future of the relationship of higher education to social cohesion.

智利教育券政策述评

1980年,智利开始实施由公共经费资助的政府教育券政策.该政策以弗里德曼的自由市场教育券模式为理论基础,覆盖全国所有的公立和部分私立中小学.教育券政策的实施尽管扩大了学生及其家长选择学校的机会,但研究表明社会经济背景较好的学生才是该政策的更大受益者.此外,在改进学校效益、提高教育质量、促进教育公平等方面,智利的教育券政策也并没有取得预期的效应.因此,有必要重新认识教育券政策的目的与功能,以寻求新的突破.     

浅谈新课改下的高中英语教学目标设计

教学目标的设定要考虑横向领域和纵向层级,而实用的高中英语教学目标应从三维阐述,具体的陈述应反应学生要习得的结果。     

教育学是科学吗？——教育一个基本性质的发现及其对政策取向的意义

本文提出并分析了教育学危机的根源,揭示了教育的一个基本性质,即教育不是一种本源现象,而是一种派生现象;不是一种本体现象,而是一种从属现象。本文简要论证并分析了知识的一个显著特征,由此从各个角度探讨了教育对知识的派生和从属性质。由这一基本性质的揭示,作者对政策取向或政策侧重点做出阐述：教育学只有在揭示教育的真实性质和关系...     

预印本平台数据开放共享政策的内容构成与特点剖析

[目的 /意义]开放科学环境下,探究预印本平台的数据开放共享政策有助于保障科研利益相关者的数据质量,推动研究数据更加开放、共享、安全与透明。[方法 /过程]基于研究团队跟踪的125个预印本平台中共63份数据开放共享政策文本,利用网络调查与文本分析的方法进行内容挖掘与特点剖析。[结果 /结论 ]通过分析得出预印本平台的数据开放共享政策在数据创建、数据存储、数据发布、数据访问、数据重用5个阶段的主要特征,为更多预印本平台在未来制定完备的数据开放共享政策提供切入点与参考思路。     

Political ideology and information technology in government online communication

Government agencies are directed to communicate objective and scientific information to the public, but studies show that political ideology may play a role in how much information governments provide. In this paper I argue that the ideology of a head administrator, and its alignment with agency mission, can restrict the kinds of information that government agencies provide, which may or may not amount to a type of regulatory capture. This impact may also be moderated by the specific media in which the communication takes place. I explore this theory via a case study of the United States Environmental Protection Agency online communication over a period of 32 months, during the years of 2013–2014, under the Democratic Administrator Gina McCarthy, and 2017–2018, under the Republican Administrator Scott Pruitt, via topical terms and document analyses of Twitter posts and web news releases. The information—topics, policies and issues—remain largely consistent across administrations and media channels, but notable distinctions are observed that point to the political ideologies of administrators in office, including a restriction of relevant scientific information on climate change during the misaligned administrator. Moreover, results show differences across media types which may reflect speed and popularity affordances of Twitter compared to website communication. I conclude by discussing the importance of policies to protect against ideological partisanship, and how social media may be better used as tools in government information policy and online communication.     

论教育公平发展的财政政策创新——基于美国的政策分析

追求教育公平是基础教育发展的政策目标之一,财政政策是教育公平发展的核心政策。美国教育财政政策调整与变革中投射出理念与实践的创新,其早期教育财政诉讼强调平等,要么提高贫穷地区的教育经费,要么降低富裕地区的教育经费,或者二者兼施,随后诉讼逐步出现从公平到充足的转向,实践中,主要采用统计分析、经验观察、专业评估等模式,制定教育充足财政政策。充足财政政策是由教育结果引导的政策,基于教育标准对政策效果进行评价,同时也是教育公平发展新形势下的财政政策创新。