���߽��������û�������Ϊ��Ӱ�������о�����

��[Purpose/significance] Online health communities (OHC) are important platforms for anyone who cares about health problems to share experiences, knowledge and emotions, and users' participation is key to the development of OHC. A comprehensive review on related impact factors of users' participation behaviors can provide a systematic reference for the research in this field.[Method/process] From the comprehensive perspective of information ecosystem, this paper systematically and thoroughly reviews the primary achievements and research status of the influencing factors and mechanism of users' participation behaviors from four dimensions of information people, information, information technology and information environment.[Result/conclusion] Users' participation behaviors are influenced by information, information people, information technology and information environment. Relevant research results are fruitful and mature research topics have been formed. Finally, this paper looks forward to the future research trends, from dimensions of community types, user types, and continuous participation.     

亚里士多德论"勇敢"--德性伦理的研究视角

通过分析亚里士多德对"勇敢"纯粹性的观点,指出危险环境、自愿的选择、非功利地追求高尚才是勇敢的必要条件.在此基础上考察了亚里士多德的德性伦理的基本特点.     

E-Mail as Spectroscopy: Automated Discovery of Community Structure within Organizations

We describe a method for the automatic identification of communities of practice from e-mail logs within an organization. We use a betweenness centrality algorithm that can rapidly find communities within a graph representing information flows. We apply this algorithm to an initial e-mail corpus of nearly 1 million messages collected over a 2-month span, and show that the method is effective at identifying true communities, both formal and informal, within these scale-free graphs. This approach also enables the identification of leadership roles within the communities. These studies are complemented by a qualitative evaluation of the results in the field.     

Exploring teacher–student interactions: communities of practice,ecological learning systems – or something else?

A small-scale action research project was used to consider the policy and rhetoric surrounding development of the ‘expert learner’ and how this might be further explored to provide opportunities for learners to have greater direct involvement in reflection and discussion with teachers. The research was based within a further education setting, using participants from an ‘HE in FE’ curriculum area: teacher education. It sought to explore how involving students as partners in the peer observation process might be used to engage with student voice and enhance the teaching and learning experience for all involved. To evaluate the creation, sharing and development of teaching and learning that might be generated in such circumstances, the research used two theoretical frameworks to analyse the data: communities of practice and ecological learning systems. This article reviews the literature around these two frameworks and critically reflects on the influences of these approaches in communities of teaching and learning. Analysis of interviews, and the interactions and dialogue contained within these, revealed something else happening within these connections. As such, it considers the opportunities facilitated in this context and how development of a newly-devised continuum of practice may be used to enable professional dialogue to enhance student–teacher interactions.     

Why research-informed teaching in engineering education? A review of the evidence

Challenges of today's engineering education (EE) are emergent, necessitating calls for its reformation to empower future engineers function optimally as innovative leaders, in both local and international contexts. These challenges: keeping pace with technological dynamism; high attrition; and most importantly, quality teaching/learning require multifaceted approaches. But how can EE respond to the growing demand for relevant teaching? What can we do for engineering faculties to leverage on quality teaching? How do we embed quality teaching in EE? Scholarship of teaching and learning is advocated as one viable approach. It uses evidence-based teaching (EBT) strategies, and research-informed evidence to guide educational decisions regarding teaching and learning. We review the theories underpinning EBT, the scientific evidence on which it is based, and innovative instructional strategies that enhance active learning. Some of these issues have been discussed already, largely through developing countries lens. Nevertheless, linkages to equivalent global perspectives are presented here.     

Reform,inequalities of process and the transformative potential of communities of practice in the pre-school sector of England

The integration of care and education across pre-school sectors of several European countries is currently a key policy priority. In England this necessitates reform aimed at re-modelling a traditionally hierarchical and divided workforce. Drawing on research with early years professionals, this article explores the micro-politics of reform with a focus on the extent to which workers in pre-school settings are engaging in new collaborative ways of working. In particular, the transformative potential of the communities of practice model in shaping changes to the early years workforce is discussed. Findings reveal the intersection of social class as labour-market position with several cross-cutting issues and their importance in perpetuating continuing inequalities of process. These present a challenge to the emergence of any new form of collaborative inter-professional working arrangements within the English early years context.     

自由教育的政治性格

自由教育具有政治性格:柏拉图的自由教育是一种哲人城邦需要的关注美好生活的教育;赫钦斯的自由教育是一种现代自由民主体制需要的针对大众民主的教育,是对古典自由教育的背离,但它迎合了大众民主社会的需要,其旨意在于为现代社会培养合格的公民;施特劳斯的自由教育是一种柏拉图式的教育,基于对现代性危机的洞察及其拯救的考虑,强调人的卓越与对美好生活的探索,迎合了国家发展与强盛的需要.     

Token‐curated registry in a scholarly journal: Can blockchain support journal communities?

In this paper, we propose a novel framework for a scholarly journal – a token‐curated registry (TCR). This model originates in the field of blockchain and cryptoeconomics and is essentially a decentralized system where tokens (digital currency) are used to incentivize quality curation of information. TCR is an automated way to create lists of any kind where decisions (whether to include N or not) are made through voting that brings benefit or loss to voters. In an academic journal, TCR could act as a tool to introduce community‐driven decisions on papers to be published, thus encouraging more active participation of authors/reviewers in editorial policy and elaborating the idea of a journal as a club. TCR could also provide a novel solution to the problems of editorial bias and the lack of rewards/incentives for reviewers. In the paper, we discuss core principles of TCR, its technological and cultural foundations, and finally analyse the risks and challenges it could bring to scholarly publishing.     

贞观文坛及其创作论略

贞观时期的“文德”政治纲领和地域文化整合以及士庶力量消长的历史趋势成为影响此时文坛人员构成及创作风格的重要因素。贞观文坛在回眸过往文学经验的基础上,追求雅正、中和之美。贞观文坛的创作在太宗等人的倡导之下形成了以箴规与颂美为主流的文坛风格。     

韩非的德法观

韩非的德法观是建立在＂人皆挟自为心＂的人性论之上的,他对儒家的道德仁义和＂德治＂思想的批判、对道德概念的法家式改造,并不是为了否定道德自身,而是希望通过法治实现理想的道德境界。韩非德法观发展的结果是以法为主、法术势相结合的统治理念的提出,其＂德＂＂法＂观对后来历史的发展影响深远,并对当代中国治国方略的抉择多有鉴借。